INDEX 



IX 



Leuckart, Karl Georg Friedrich Rudolf, Ger- 

 man zoologist, 411, 42.2., 450, 563 

 Leydig, Franz, German cytologist, 401, 499 

 Liberalism, in the 19th century, 458 

 Lieberkiihn, Johann Nathanael, German 



scientist, 158, 159, 389 

 Liebig, Justus, German chemist, 431, 448, 449, 



450 

 Linnaeus, Carl, Swedish scientist, life of, 2.03- 



io6, L09; fame of, 2.06; philosophy of, zo6, 



107, 115, L16; as a systematician, 2.07, 2.10- 



115; pupils of, XI6-2.I7; references to, 184, 



191, 193, 195, 198, 2.01, 12.0-2.2.2., 2.16, 2.^7, 



130, 2.32., 135, 155, 2.78, z8l, 192., 303, 308, 

 315, 3^6, 32.7, 339, 340, 346, 417, 435-440, 

 445,446, 514, 546, 560, 575,613 



Linne, Carl von, son of Linnasus, 2.05, 2.06 



Linnean Society, founded, lo6 



Lister, 547 



Little, biologist, 616 



Locke, English philosopher, 175, 317 



Loeb, Jacques, member of Rockefeller Insti- 

 tute, 581, 583, 605, 606 



Loffler, F. J. S., German scientist, 548 



Lofling, P., pupil of Linnasus, ii6 



Lotsy, J. P., Dutch biologist, 614 



Lotze, German philosopher, 450 



Lovcn, Sven Ludwig, Swedish biologist, 419, 

 413, 414, 543 



Lubbock, John, Lord Avebury, 601 



Lucretius, Roman philosopher, 47-49, 87, 

 12.6, 154 



Ludwig, Karl Friedrich Wilhelm, German 

 physiologist, 413, 414, 535 



Lyell, Charles, Scotch geologist, 453, 455-457, 

 464, 470, 485 



Lymphatic system, discovery of, 144, 145 



Lyonet, Pierre, French biologist, 133 



Lyser, Michael, professor of medicine, 144 



Mach, Ernst, Austrian scientist, 52.6, 52.7, 



605 

 Magendie, Frangois, French professor of 



medicine, 375-389, 384, 386, 406, 444 

 Maillet, de, 484 

 Maistre, Joseph de, French author and posi- 



tivist, 441 

 Malpighi, Marcello, professor of medicine, 



M9i 159-164, 166, 185, 188, 196, ioo, 2.14, 



2.30, 2.51, 350, 361, 368, 373, 389, 390 

 Malthus, Thomas Robert, English economist, 



453, 460, 464, 470, 486 

 Manuel d' actinologie et de :(oophytologie, by Blain- 



ville, 360 

 Marx, Karl, German socialist, 447 

 Materialism, in the i8th century, 2.68, 2.69 



Mayer, Julius Robert, 407-410, 448 

 Mechanical explanation of life-phenomena, 



151-158 

 Mkhanique des animaux, by Perrault, 154 

 Mechanische Prinzip im anatomischen Bau der 



Monokotylen, Das, by Schwcndener, 557 

 Mechanisch-physiologische Theorie der Abstam- 



mungslehre, by Nageli, 555 

 Mechanism, modern theory of, 603 

 Meckel, Johann Friedrich, German scientist, 



355-359. 365, 367, 393. 516, 549 



Medicine, beginning of science of, 4, 5; de- 

 velopment in Egypt, 6, 50; development in 

 China, 7; development in Greece, 2.5-2.6; 

 contributions of Herophilus, 51, 51; de- 

 velopment by Arabs, 69; state of, in By- 

 zantine Empire, 74; progress in the Renais- 

 sance, 99-107; influence of Paracelsus on, 

 137; development in 17th century, 141-150 



Meisenheimer, J., German biologist, 597 



Memoires de physique et d'histoire naturelle, by 

 Lamarck, 318, 319, 310 



M-cmoires pour servir i I' histoire des insectes, by 

 Reaumur, 2.31 



Mendel, Gregor, Austrian biologist, i55, 156, 

 469, 471, 490, 557, 588, 590^592., 604 



Mendel, Johann, see Gregor Mendel 



Mendelism, spread of, 592. 



Menscbenschopfung und Seelensubstanz., lecture by 

 Wagner, 450 



Mesmer, 344 



Methodus plantarum, botantical work by Lin- 

 naeus, 109 



Methodus platitarum, botanical work by Ray, 



199 

 Metschnikoff, Ilja, Russian biologist, 508, 598 

 Micella theory of cells, developed by Nageli, 



554 

 Michaelis, Caroline, wife of Schelling, 2.74 

 Microbiology, developed in 19th century, 42.6- 



435, 544-550 

 Micrographie, by Mohl, 391 



Micropyle, discovered by Leuckart, 442. 



Microscope, invention of, 158; improved by 



Leeuwenhoek, 165; development in 19th 



century, 389 

 Microscopical anatomy founded by Malpighi, 



159 

 Microscopy, science of, founded by Bichat, 



347; advances made in 19th century, 389, 



405 

 Microtome, introduced by His, 405 

 Mikrographische Beitrdge, by Nordmann, 412. 

 Mikroscopische Untersuchutigen iiber die Uberein- 



stitnmung in der Struktur und dem Wachstum 



der Tiere und Pflanzen, by Schwann, 394 



