16 VENOMOUS SNAKES AND THE PHENOMENA OF THEIR VENOMS 



Callophis bibronii. 



Head black anteriorly, reddish posteriorly; body purplish-brown to the tail, with 

 transverse irregular bands. Grows to 2 feet. Found by Bedhome at the altitude 

 of 3,000 feet in Malabar. 



Callophis univirgatus Giinther. 



Callophis univirgatus Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, 83. 



Callophis macclellandii var. univirgatus Boulenger, Cat. Snakes, Brit. Mus., Ill, 1896, 399. 



Coloration alone separates this from the macclellandii, it having a narrow black 

 line down middle of back, and no regular crossbars. It inhabits Sikkim and Nepal, 

 Assam, Burma, southwestern China, Formosa. In the province of Fokien it is 

 found at an altitude of 3,000 to 4,000 feet. 



Genus DOLIOPHIS Girard. 



Adeniophis Meyer. 



Doliophis differs from Callophis chiefly on account of the presence of an enor- 

 mously developed poison gland in the former. It is not restricted to the head, but 

 extends along the anterior third of the body, gradually thickening and terminating 

 in front of the heart with club-shaped ends. Owing to the extension of these glands, 

 which can be felt through the skin as thickenings at end of first third of body, the 

 heart has been shifted farther back than in any other snake. 

 Doliophis bivirgatus. 



Color purplish-red or black above, red on head, tail, and belly. Total length 

 4 to 5 feet. Burma, Cochin China, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo. 



Doliophis intestinalis. 



Back brown or black with longitudinal rings of lighter or darker shade. Tail 

 red; belly red with intersections of black crossbars. Total length about 2 feet. 

 Burma, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo. 



Doliophis bilineatus. 



Back black with two white bands along entire length of body; muzzle white; 

 the belly striated with white and black bands; tail orange. Total length a little 

 over 2 feet. Philippine Islands. 

 Doliophis philippinus. 



The back carries two longitudinal brown bands, which are intersected by the 

 transverse black bars of the belly; the interspaces of the bands are again annulated 

 with yellow and red; head brownish with small yellow specks. Total length 

 about 18 inches. Philippine Islands. 



Genus BOULENGERINA Dollo. 



Cacophis Giinther. 



The maxillary bone has a length equal to that of the palatine; carries a pair of 

 comparatively large fangs, then a series of three or four small teeth behind the fangs. 

 Eyes small with round pupil. Body cylindrical; scales soft, in 21 rows; the ventral 

 scales are rounded off. Moderate tail. Subcaudal double. It is a small snake, 

 about 7 inches long. The head and neck indistinct in width. 



Boulengerina stonnsi. 



The only known species of this genus is of brown color with black rings on neck, 

 black tail, the belly anteriorly white, posteriorly brown. Inhabits the region around 

 Lake Tanganyika. 



Genus ELAPECHIS Boulenger. 



The length of the maxillary and palatine bones is equal. A pair of enormous 

 poison fangs is followed by two or four small teeth. Head and neck indistinct. 

 Eyes small with round pupil. Body cylindrical. Scales soft, oblique, and in 13 to 15 

 rows; ventrals rounded off. Tail very short. Subcaudals in two rows. 



