simple a matter as it may at first appear 

 — some advantage may be given tender 

 fruits. By whitewashing the trees in 

 early spring blossoming may be re- 

 tarded a few days. A definite amount 

 of heat is necessary to bring buds to 

 maturity, and since white objects ab- 

 sorb less heat than dark ones, such 

 whitening of the trees may occasion- 

 ally carry the buils unopened safely 

 through a frost that would destroy the 

 flowers. Aside from these compara- 

 tively unimportant exceptions, we can 

 do nothing, after the orchard is estab- 

 lished, to protect fruit trees from 

 weather stresses. But we can do much 

 to protect future fruit crops by careful 

 study, before we locate the plantation, 

 of weather conditions and crop adapta- 

 tions. It would be most unwise to set 

 apricots, plums and peaches, which are 

 relatively tender at blossoming, in any 

 locality where the average date for the 

 last killing frost is as late as May 10; 

 yet some late-blooming or cold-resist- 

 ant varieties of even these fruits, on 

 some hillside rightly located or beside 

 a favoring lake, might escape frosts 

 often enough to make their culture 

 highly profitable, since they could be 

 sold in near markets never glutted with 

 such fruits because of general unfavor- 

 able conditions. 



In choosing a location for an orchard 

 we must consider latitude, altitude, and 

 general topographic conditions, espe- 

 cially proximity to large bodies of 

 water, since these all affect general 

 climatic conditions. Perhaps fully as 

 important as general location, however, 

 is the choice of a particular field on 

 which to plant fruit trees or grape 

 vines. Omitting all discussion of soil, 

 markets, roads and other surroundings, 

 the lay of the land may frec[uently 

 determine its value for an orchard or 

 vineyard. Every fruit plantation has a 

 local climate varying in the different 

 parts of the tract in accordance with 

 the lay of the land. Low-lying spots 

 show the greatest extremes — lowest 

 temperature in cold weather and high- 

 est temperature in hot weather. Con- 

 versely, on the elevated portions of a 

 tract the temperature is most eciuable 

 — less cold in low temperatures, less 

 hot in high temperatures. The direc- 

 tion of the slope of the ground causes 

 variation in the temperature probably 

 because of the greater amount of heat 

 absorbed from the sun by southerly 

 slopes and because of the different ex- 

 posures to prevailing winds. A slope 

 also gives better air drainage than a 

 level. The difference between high 

 land and valley, slope and plain, is 

 often amply sufiicient to account for 

 the idiosyncrasies in frost injuries so 

 often noted. Some fruit growers claim 

 to obtain a certain degree of immunity 

 from frost through good air drainage 

 secured by planting at a sufiicient dis- 

 tance so that tops do not touch and by 

 keeping the heads within bounds by 

 pruning. 



Quite as essential as location in doing 

 the little that can be done to avert frost 

 injury is the selection of varieties. 

 Some varieties of each of the several 

 fruits blossom later than others, and 



BETTER FBUIT 



Page 23 



O. E. SPOONER 



Up-to-Date 

 Facilities 



FOR 



AUCTION 



AND 



Private Sale 



DISTRIBUTION 



Fruit and Produce 



Brokerage and Commission 



94 South Market Street 

 1-3-5-7 Mercantile Street 



BOSTON 



Located on this corner 

 since 1897 



Direct Telegraph Wires 

 All Codes 



MOST SCENIC TRIP IN OREGON 



TO 



Tillamook County Beaches 

 and Fishing Streams 



100 miles of wonderful scenery— every minute something new. Picturesque fertile 

 valleys; wild, trackless virgin forests; tumbling trout streams, inviting camp grounds 

 and peaceful bays; glorious stretches of sandy beaches and the old, old ocean. Ample 

 hotel accommodations. 



Low Round Trip Fares 



Round Trip Season S4.0U Week End Round Trip ?3.00 



Portland to Garibaldi Beach points, 

 with proportionate low fares to other points. 



Two Fine Trains Daily 



Leave Portland S:.5.5 A. M. and 1;.30 P. M. Parlor Buffet 

 Observation Car on Seashore Special in the afternoon. 



Call for oar new folder 

 "Tillamook County Beaches" 



Tickets, folders and full information from any S. P. Agent 



John M. Scott, General Passeng'sr A^ent, 

 Portland, Oregon 



these are usually in least danger from 

 frosts. The length of time during 

 which different varieties are in blos- 

 som is worth considering, though it 

 varies considerably in accordance with 

 the fruit, the variety, and, most of all, 

 the weather. The average length of 

 the period of bloom for the different 

 species of fruits is: For apples, about 

 nine days; for pears, seven days; for 

 peaches, eight days; for plums, seven 

 days; for cherries, seven days, and for 

 grapes, ten days. The time from first 

 blossoms until all have dropped may 

 vary greatly, as the blossoms of some 

 fruits do not last longer than forty- 

 eigiit hours in very hot, dry weather. 

 Blossoms of tree fruits, after o])ening, 

 do not close night or day, though iiolli- 

 nation probably takes place during the 

 day only. Other things being cipial, of 

 course it would be in the fruit grower's 

 favor, in a locality where late frosts 

 are liable to occur, to select late-bloom- 

 ing varieties. Such varieties cannot be 

 selected by knowing only their time of 

 ripening, for some early fall apples 

 blossom late, like Williams, and some 

 late winter apples blossom early, like 



King and Wagener. That is, there is 

 no correlation between the time of 

 blooming and the time of ripening of 

 fruits. Early varieties do not neces- 

 sarily, though some may, blossom ear- 

 lier than late varieties. It is not pos- 

 sible, therefore, by a selection of late 

 varieties to escape danger from late 

 frosts. 



Commission houses in Sweden have 

 heretofore purchased their apples from 

 Oregon and Washington through Ger- 

 man and English importers. They are 

 now seeking arrangements to secure 

 shipments direct, believing that the 

 same can be secured in this way, and 

 making a considerable saving, which 

 will enable the Swedish commission 

 merchants to sell a nuich larger quan- 

 til\ than heretofore. 



'Ihc policy of the Canadian Govern- 

 mcnl with reference to fruit inspection 

 this >car will be very strict. Conse- 

 ((ueiitly it is u]) to the shippers to see 

 thai fruit is free from all diseases or 

 pests, thereby saving themselves extra 

 trouble and unnecessary expense. 



