Page 22 



BETTER FRUIT 



August 



Light Draft 



saves 25 to w^ ^^. «, 

 ^ in power ^^*i-^ ^ 



Which means it saves one horse 

 at the very least. It also saves 

 one man. And, furthermore, this 



Double Action Disk Harrow 



pulverizes the soil tiner than any single harrow 

 working in "half-lap." And more — it pulverizes 

 finer than any two single harrows attached in 

 tandem. Its rigid main frame holds the rear 

 disksso that they cut just midway between where 

 the fore disks cut. All soil is pulverized to the 

 full depth to which the disks are run. Ask your 

 dealer to show you a Cutaway (Clark) Double 

 Action. If he doesn't sell Cutaway (Clark) 

 harrows, write us. Don't accept a substitute. 

 We ship direct where we have no auent. Ask 

 for free catalog." The Soil and Intenm-e Tillaer." 

 The Cutaway Harrow Company 



Maker of the orn^inj! CLARK .V.-s* harro-.fs and ;^/c7, r 



940 Main Street Higganuni» Conn. 



Tarred Orchard 

 Yarn 



But little time remains for tying orchard trees. 

 The demand for tmne this season has been unusually 

 large and distributed over much larger territory than 

 in former seasons, thus proving the efficiency of sup- 

 porting trees by this method. Former users have 

 repeated its use and many new ones are testing it. 



It Is now about time for cutting out old running 

 berr>- vines and tying the new groHlh. One-ply 

 Orchard Yarn is just right for this purpose. It is 

 not expensive, is easily tied, durable and saves the 

 vines from being broken down by snow or sleet. 

 Vines can be distributed over supports much better 

 when properly lied, thus increasing the yield because 

 less canes need to be cut away. 



Sold by all dealers handling Orchard Supplies. 



MADE BY 



Portland Cordage Company 



PORTLAND, OREGON 



Fruit Boxes 



OF ALL KINDS 



APPLE BOXES 



OUR SPECIALTY 



Bridal Veil Lumbering Co. 



Hood River, Oregon 



It seems worth while with trees 

 ■which habitually drop their crop to try 

 to direct the food to the fruit-bearing 

 branches by pruning out surplus wood, 

 cutting out water-sprouts and stimu- 

 lating the growth of fruit buds the 

 previous season. All factors which are 

 conducive to the best nutrition of the 

 tree influence its capacity to retain the 

 crop. Fruits often fall because of in- 

 sect or fungus injury to tree or fruit. 

 The effects of serious injury to the 

 foliage or the puncturing <if the fruit 

 by any one of the innumerable insect 



pests are too well known to demand 

 attention, though insect injury must by 

 no means be thought to be a sure cause 

 of the (hoi)ping of a crop. Some in- 

 sects, as codling moth, curculio and the 

 berry worms, may remain until the 

 fruit is fully developed. Lastly, it may 

 be of distinct advantage for a tree to 

 droj) a part of its load if it have more 

 fruit than it can bring to the best 

 maturity. If it docs not do so natur- 

 ally, the fruit grower should take the 

 matter in hand and thin the crop. 



The weather, as we have previously 

 indicated, has much to do with the set- 

 ting and dropping of fruit. A study of 

 the weather as it affects the formation 

 and development of fruit buds was 

 made at this station several years ago, 

 covering a period of twenty-five years 

 beginning in 1881. Since the report of 

 this study can no longer be had, the 

 main conclusions are again published 

 here. During this twenty-five-year 

 period late frosts ruined the fruit crops 

 in Western New York in four years, 

 seriously lessened the yield in five 

 years, and did nuich damage to pears, 

 peaches and plums in three other sea- 

 sons. That is to say, in more than half 

 of the twenty-five years "unseasonable" 

 frosts caused serious loss to fruit grow- 

 ers over the section as a whole. The 

 years of frosts appeared in cycles, as 

 there was but one harmful frost during 

 the first eight years of the twenty-five, 

 then for six years in succession the 

 crops were damaged seriously, while 

 during the latter half of the period the 

 frosts were more evenly distributed. 

 During seven years when frosts did 

 little or no harm, cctld, wet weather 

 played almost as disastrous a part and 

 reduced the crops to unprofitable pro- 

 portions; while in five of the years of 

 frost the damage was increased by the 

 effects of cold storms. These storm 

 years, like the frost years, came in 

 cycles. A first short period of three 

 years, beginning in 1881, was marked 

 by storms, as was a longer period of 

 seven years beginning in 1888. During 

 the first period, wind strong enough to 

 harm the blossoms, even without the 

 accompanying rain, was a feature of 

 each season, as was also the case in 

 190.5; while in another year, without 

 injurious rain storms, the wind alone 

 did considerable harm to blossoms. 

 Sunshine at blooming time, with warm, 

 dry weather, marked five years only of 

 the twenty-five; and in each of these 

 . years the crops were excellent. In 

 three of them the records were broken 

 for one or another of the fruits and 

 enormous yields were secured from 

 practically all fruits. From these facts, 

 and more detailed data given in the 

 original bulletin, we must conclude 

 that rain and the cold and wind that 

 usually accompany it in mid-May cause 

 the loss of more fruit than any other 

 agency. Killing frosts take second 

 place as destructive forces, though the 

 sudden, plainly evident harm they do 

 attracts more attention and causes 

 more complaint than the slowly devel- 

 oping, more concealed damage from a 

 long, cold storm without freezing tem- 

 perature. 



Millseollege 



Suburbs of Oakland, California 



Tlie only Womarrs Cuilege on the 

 Facitic Coast. Cliartered 1885. Near two 

 £fcat universities. Ideal climate tlifough- 

 out the year. Entrance and graduation 

 requirements equivalent to those of Stan- 

 ford University and University of Cali- 

 fornia. Laboratories for science with 

 modern equipment. Excellentopportunilies 

 for home economics, library study, music 

 a'ld art. Minletn gymnasium. Special 

 care for health of studeKts: out-door life. 

 Christian influences; undenominational. 



For catalogue adilress Registrar. Mills 

 College P. O., California. 



Frosts usually blacken and destroy 

 immediately the reproductive organs of 

 the flowers, giving very plain evidence 

 of harm; but such evidence is often 

 given undue weight, so that the injury 

 from light frosts is frequently over- 

 estimated. Cold storms, or even very 

 cool days without frost, at blooming 

 time lessen or destroy the crop in sev- 

 eral ways. The rains wash oiT the tiny 

 grains of pollen from the delicate an- 

 thers of the flowers and thus prevent 

 their journey on the body of some 

 insect, so that they fail to perform 

 their fertilizing office. Even if a pollen 

 grain chance to reach the pistil it may 

 fail to adhere and grow, since the rain 

 also washes off and dilutes the adhe- 

 sive, stimulating secretion upon the 

 stigmas. Provided neither of these 

 causes prevents the journey and proper 

 placing of the pollen, the cold of such 

 storms often so lessens the vitality of 

 the grains that they germinate very 

 slow or not at all. The cold and the 

 rain also check the activities of bees 

 and other insects, and as these are the 

 effective carriers of pollen grains, the 

 possibility of successful pollination is 

 still further lessened. Dampness is fav- 

 orable to the growth of most fungi — 

 which cause our leading leaf and fruit 

 diseases — and such fungi frequently 

 attack and ruin flowers during the May 

 storms. Winds alone do comparatively 

 slight harm to fruits early in the sea- 

 son, but occasionally are strong enough 

 to whip blossoms from the trees and to 

 prevent the flight or active work of 

 insects. If they are drying and long 

 continued they may evaporate the 

 secretion from the stigmas and thereby 

 prevent the retention and germination 

 of the pollen; while cold, dry winds 

 at blooming time chill vegetation and 

 retard all plant activities. On the other 

 hand, light breezes on nights when 

 frosts would otherwise occur may 

 sweep away the settling chill and pre- 

 vent damage; or, in favorable localities 

 beside large bodies of water, may bring 

 in clouds or fogs to check heat radia- 

 tion and prevent freezing. 



Unfortunately, at least in a narrow- 

 sense, man cannot control the weather 

 to any great extent. Orchard heaters 

 are now used to warm the temparature 

 of an orchard and prevent frosts. By 

 small fires, especially of damp, smoul- 

 dering, smoke-producing materials, or- 

 chards and vineyards may occasionally 

 be protected from light frosts. By the 

 proper placing of windbreaks — not so 



