I0I4 



BETTER FRUIT 



Pase 21 



profit for everyone engaged in the 

 business. 



Do not be discouraged by the large 

 estimates that are being reported. On 

 the other hand, do not fool yourselves 

 by under-estimating the quantity. As- 

 sume that there is going to be a good 

 sized crop and make proper arrange- 

 ments for selling in every section of 

 the United States, so that the crop will 

 be wisely and well distributed. See 

 that the quality is first class in every 

 respect, the price reasonable and the 

 consumer pleased. By such methods, 

 the 1914 crop can and will be handled 

 at prices which will pay a fair profit 

 for everybody connected with the apple 

 industry. 



Export Trade. — The export trade of 



apples from the United States is about 

 ten per cent. At the present time there 

 is much uncertainty about the quantity 

 that will be exported. By proper meth- 

 ods of salesmanship, distribution and 

 advertising this country can be easily 

 made to consume ten per cent extra 

 and make up for the loss of trade in 

 the export business. 



Essentials of Bread-Making 



"Good bread can be made from either 

 good hard wheat flour or from good 

 soft wheat flour," says Dean Henrietta 

 Calvin of the Oregon Agricultural Col- 

 lege, "but you should know which you 

 are using, because they require differ- 

 ent treatment. Hard wheat flour may 

 be made into a soft dough, and if it is 

 very hard wheat then the bread should 

 be kneaded down several times. Soft 

 wheat flour should be made into a Very 

 stiff dough and the bread will not need 

 to rise more than once before it is put 

 into the pans. Home-made yeast is 

 much better than the dry yeast. It can 

 be likened to the seed saved by a good 

 gardener from his own healthy plants. 

 When properly prepared it contains 

 millions of live, growing, microscopic 

 plants. Liquid yeast can be kept in a 

 cool, dark place about two weeks. 

 Sweet milk is the best of all liquids for 

 bread-making. It should be scalded 

 and then cooled. The micro-organisms 

 that cause sourness in milk are thus 

 heated until they all die. Milk bread 

 will he a little yellow, but its flavor is 

 better and it is more nutritious than 

 water bread. Water may be used in- 

 stead of milk, however, and good bread 

 can be made with it. Sugar is a good 

 yeast food. A little added to the bread 

 does not affect the flavor of the bread, 

 but does quicken the action of the 

 yeast. Salt is used for flavor. Such 

 a small quantity as is used in bread 

 does not materially retard the growth 

 of yeast, but does whiten the bread. 

 Bread while rising must not be kept 

 too warm. More bread is spoiled by 

 too much heat than too little. Bread 

 that feels warm to the hand is too 

 warm. The bacteria which causes 

 sourness, and which are to the bread 

 baker what weeds are to the gardener, 

 grow rapidly in the dough if it is quite 

 warm." 



Buy A Good Ladder 



IT COSTS BUT 

 LITTLE MOEE. 



TheMitchell 

 Ladder 



WILL OUTLAST TWO 

 ORDINARY LADDERS 



Eyery step is metal re- 

 inforced with galvanized 

 pressed steel — riveted, 

 not bolted. 



The head and tripod 

 are heavily reinforced 

 and will not break down. 



Write us for 

 Circular and Prices 



Implements,WaterSystems, 

 Pumps, Engines, Etc. 

 for the Fruit Grower 



vM 



Portland 

 Spokane 

 Boise 



TRIPOD 

 ^ FRUITGROWERS 

 LADDER 



Prevent Winter Injury of Fruit Trees 



There has been a good deal of winter 

 injury and winter kill of fruit trees in 

 the Northwest this past winter. In 

 some cases the trunks of the trees were 

 the parts that suffered and in others the 

 twigs and small branches were the only 

 parts of the plants injured. The winter 

 was not extremely cold, but there was 

 some warm weather followed by colder, 

 and the harm seemed to be the result 

 in many cases of fluctuating tempera- 

 ture. The trees that were growing in 

 sod or in permanent cover crops or 

 even weeds and grass did not suffer as 

 much as the best clean-cultivated and 

 irrigated orchards. There are orchards 

 in several districts that show excep- 

 tions to this general statement, but they 

 are rare and usually show some other 

 condition out of the ordinary in their 

 surrounding conditions, or in culture 

 and treatment. In sections where fall 

 rains start before hard killing frosts 

 have stopped the growth, winter killing 

 has been common in some orchards 

 before a system of cover cropping was 



established. Annual cover crops that 

 make a good growth in the fall are 

 usually helpful in preventing winter 

 injury in regions where there is plenty 

 of rain or snow fall in the winter. For 

 the best results the annual cover crops 

 should be planted not later than the 

 middle of August. The permanent cover 

 crops of clover or alfalfa should be 

 planted earlier in most localities. For 

 the annual cover crop, rye, winter 

 wheat or field peas are best. Winter 

 vetch is a splendid crop to use of the 

 seed can be secured. In many ways it 

 is the best of all the annual crops.— 

 O. M. Morris, Horticulturist, Washing- 

 ton Agricultural Experiment Station. 



ORCHARD 



Wanted— Situation as manager of new or 

 young commercial orchards. The very best 

 references. Over 25 vears among orchards 

 and fruit trees, li years in irrigation dist- 

 rict. H.SOO acres of orchards prove my work. 

 Specialty — Preparing land, cultivation, 

 handling of men and teams, planting, tree 

 diseases, etc. "J. M.," care 'Better Fruit." 



