1014 



BETTER FRUIT 



Paoe I. 



A New Dust-proof Bearing 



Perfectly Oiled 



Here is an improvement 

 chat tells in still another 

 Avay of durability, efficiency 

 and li"ht draft found in the 



Disk Harrows and Plows 



The illustration in this announcement 

 sho\vs how our hardwood oil-soaked 

 bearingsarc nowcncascd in metal dust- 

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 it be simpler? Could it be improved? 

 Ask your dealer to show you a Cutaway 

 (Clark) disk harrow or plow. If he doesn't 

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THE CUTAWAY HARROW COMPANY 



Maker of the original CLARK disk harrows and plows 

 94(1 MAIN ST., HIGGANUM, CONN. 



Cold Storage of Apples 



of Information, liiilcd States Department of Agriculture] 



[Onii 



THE proper function of cold storage 

 is to retard the ripening processes 

 of the fruit and the development of 

 doca\- organisms and skin blemishes. 

 The first responsibility for the keeping 

 ciuality of his fruit rests with the 

 grower, since it is his growing and 

 handling methods that largely deter- 

 mine its vitality, freedom from disease 

 and general condition when stored. 

 Colli storage is not a remedy or a 

 restorative for ])oorl\ developed, weak, 

 imperfect fruit, but is the most etfective 

 method of jjrescrving the (pialitv, flavor 

 and appearance possessed by the fruit 

 al time of picking. 



The first step in successful cold 

 storage of apples has been found to lie 

 in the practice of such cultural, spray- 

 ing and ijruning methods as insure pro- 

 duction of the sound, healthy, well- 

 colored fruit, free from disease. .\s- 

 suming this as the first requisite, the 

 I'dllowing factors have been found to 

 most influence the keeping quality of 

 the fruit and furnish best conditions 

 for long storage: (1) Proper maturilv 

 al time of picking; (2) care in all han- 

 dling ojjerations; (3) prompt storage 

 after picking: (4) a proper storage tem- 

 perature. 



Careful and extensive investigations 

 have demonstrated that fruit picked at 

 full maturity can be held for a longer 

 period in storage and is less afl'ected by 

 scald and decay than that picked when 

 somewhat immature. Two im|)orlant 

 commercial varieties. Home Beauty and 

 Winesap, have been foiuid to be esuc- 

 cially susceptible to scald during 

 storage, if picked prematurely. There 

 is no doubt that several thousand dol- 

 lars are lost to the industry each year 

 through the improper ])icking of these 

 I wo varieties alone. The results em- 

 phasize strongly thai more care and 



attention should be paid to this detail 

 of the harvesting operations than is 

 usually the case. By full maturity, 

 however, is not meant over-maturity, 

 which may cause fully as heavy losses 

 as immaturity. Fach grower should 

 study his own fruit and his own condi- 

 tions in ortler to determine the proper 

 picking stage. Probably the most re- 

 liable single indication of maturity is 

 the whitening or slight yellowing of the 

 "ground colf)r" of the fruit. This is the 

 color underlying the blush or red color 

 and should not be confused with the 

 latter. 



Care in all handling operations is the 

 second important rei|uisite of successful 

 storage. A class of fungi, of which the 

 common blue mold is an example, are 

 known to be unable to attack and cause 

 decay of healthy, uninjured fruit. In 

 ^niU' of this fad, very serious rots, 

 both in storage and in transit to market, 

 are the work of fungi of this tyi)e, and 

 the largest contributory cause in all 

 cases is bruising or skin breaking suf- 

 fered by the fruit in the pickiim and 

 packing opera! ions. Microscopic bruises 

 and breaks in the skin are large enough 

 to alTord entrance to the spores of these 

 fungi and the necessity for the utmost 

 care in all oijcrations connected with 

 (he handling of Ihe fruit to avoid bruis- 

 ing and mechanical injuries is more 

 urgent than most growers realize. 



There is a marked ditference in con- 

 dition l)etween fruit stored as soon as 

 Diissible after |)icking, usually not more 

 Ihan two da\ s later, and otherwise com- 

 parable lots of which the storage was 

 delayed ten days or two weeks. Such 

 delay is especially injurious during a 

 period of warm, humid weather. The 

 delayed fi-uit at withdrawal from stor- 

 age is riper, yellower and duller than 

 Ihe corresponding "immediate" stored 



fruit and in addition develops more 

 serious scald and decay. The import- 

 ance of eliminating all avoidable delay 

 cannot be too strongly emphasized. 



The standard storage temperature for 

 apples is .31 to 32 degrees Fahrenheit, 

 and this has been found to be the best 

 for long keeping of the fruit. Higher 

 temperatures permit the ripenin.g of the 

 fruit lo advance more rapidly than at 

 31 to 32 degrees, with the result that 

 the fruit at the higher tenqjeratures 

 reached the end of its storage life much 

 sooner. In addition, the lower temper- 

 ature retards most effectively the devel- 

 opments of fungus decays and skin 

 blemishes. For a short storage period 

 higher tempeiatures may be used with- 

 out seriotis trouble, especially with the 

 better keeping varieties, but for long 

 keeping 31 to 32 degrees will best main- 

 tain the color, quality and texture of 

 the fruit. Apples should be withdrawn 

 from storage while still firm, and in this 

 condition can be held on the market in 

 satisfactory shape for several days or 

 weeks. If allowed to become exces- 

 sively overri])ened in storage, however, 

 they will break down very fast on with- 

 drawal. .Vijples from 32 degrees will 

 as a rule hold in better condition after 

 withdrawal from storage than will com- 

 parable lots from higher temperatures. 

 There are several other factors afiect- 

 ing the behavior of apples in storage, 

 but those discussed have been found to 

 be of greatest importance, and their 

 proper control will s(dve a large per- 

 centage of our present serious storage 

 ditliculties. 



Housewives $10 Library 



Reconiniendcd In- tile Department of Home 

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Home Care of the Sick. A. E. Pope, author. 

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Healthful Farmhouse. H. Dodd, author. 

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