IQI4 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 19 



what individuals are above ground, so 

 that developing colonies in the spring 

 come from wingless aphids of the roots 

 or crown. These aphids are apt to 

 locate on a bruise on the bark and 

 soon become conspicuous because of a 

 growth of "wool." Their feeding 

 poisons the tree and results in a locnl 

 swelling and ultimately in a weak tree 

 with small sized fruit. After a couple 

 of generations some winged individuals 

 appear, which migrate to other apple 

 trees, thus spreading the pest. The 

 summer generations are less vigorous, 

 and in early fall other winged migrat- 

 ing individuals are produced. These 

 rarely seek apple trees, but are at- 

 tracted to elms, if near by, and there 

 give birth to wingless sexual aphids, 

 the females of which produce a single 

 egg, which is laid for the winter deep 

 in a crack of the bark. The following 

 spring the insect inhabits the leaves of 

 the elm, forming rosettes of curled 

 leaves. Its third generation is the 

 winged spring migrant that returns to 

 the apple tree. 



The woolly aphid is prevalent on 

 nursery stock, and thus gets access to 

 a new region. Apple stock showing 

 swellings or galls should not be planted, 

 and elm stock should be carefully 

 searched for black eggs. When the 

 woolly aphid occurs above ground it 

 can be destroyed by a light swabbing 

 of alcohol, gasoline or kerosene, or if 

 numerous by a spraying of tobacco- 

 soap, such as is given for green aphis. 

 The underground form cannot be effec- 

 tively reached and is consequently most 

 dangerous. Kerosene emulsion, lime- 

 sulphur or an abundance of tobacco 

 dust applied to the roots have been 

 recommended, but give only partial 

 benefit. Plowing and cultivation to 

 force the roots down are thought to be 

 helpful, since the aphids do not thrive 

 much below a foot. Northern Spy 

 trees are remarkably free from attack, 

 and such stock would prove valualile 

 in a badly infested district. The woolly 

 aphid is too delicate and weak to force 

 its way through the soil, but it will 

 work along cracks and roots and thus 

 spread through the orchard or nursery 

 row. To prevent branch infection from 

 below, the trunk may be banded with 

 equal parts of rosin and castor oil 

 melted together and applied on builap 

 or cotton strips, or if in a dusty district 

 where this method would be inapplica- 

 ble, it has been suggested to jiack 

 around the trunk of the tree a good 

 layer of sand, through which the 

 aphids cannot crawl. — A. L. Mehinder, 

 Entomolofiist, Washington State I^xi)cr- 

 iment Stiition, I'ullman. 



Crude Oil Emulsion for Winter 

 Spraying 

 In reply to nuinerous incjuiries re- 

 ceived at the State Experiment Station, 

 Professor A. I>. Melander has i)rei)ared 

 the following statement: In those dis- 

 tricts of the state where sulphur-lime 

 has failed to give satisfactory results as 

 a winter spi-ay against scale insects, 

 aphis, red spider and the like, it may 

 be advisable to give a trial of cruile oil 



Water 

 Systems Satisfy 



A PLENTIFUL SUPPLY OF WATER 



on the farm is the best investment 

 a farmer can mal<e. 



FROIVI A FINANCIAL STANDPOINT it means more 

 healtliy stock, big saving in your own time and 

 labor, protection of your l)uil(lings against fire 

 and increase in selling value of your property. 



FROM A FAMILY COMFORT STANDPOINT it 

 means that the most desirable of city conveniences 

 are placed within your reach, as a result of which 

 the city loses much of its appeal to your boys and 

 girls and they are far more contented to stay with 

 the farm. Running water relieves your wife and 

 daughters of a great deal of drudgery and makes 

 their housekeeping a pleasant task, just as it de- 

 creases your work in the barn-yard, dairy house or 

 garden. 



MITCHELL WATER SYSTEM OWNERS, to the 



number of a thousand or more, will testify to the 

 truth of these statemep<= From them you can 

 learn that a water system is beyond Question a 

 thing that every farmer should install as soon as 

 he can possibly do so. They will tell you of the 

 proven reliability of the Mitchell Water System 

 and of the stability and square dealing policy of 

 the house which for six years has been selling and 

 installing Mitchell Pneumatic Systems. They will 

 tell you that the first cost of the Mitchell System 

 is very reasonable and the second or operative cost 

 comparatively nothing. 

 IF YOUR HOME IS WITHOUT WATER under pres- 

 sure you should look into these things. Let us 

 send you our new booklet Through the Eye of a 

 Camera. From cover to cover this booklet is full 

 of pictures of Northwestern homes supplied with 

 water under pressure by the Mitchell System. 

 Let us send this booklet together with our catalog 

 showing the principle of operation and makeup 

 of our system. We want you to have these books 

 whether you are thinking of installing a water sys- 

 tem or not. We will send them without obligation, 

 free and post-paid. Isn't it worth your while to 

 sign and send in the coupon attached to this ad.? 



emulsion. Although these emulsions 

 have not been tried for many years on 

 the Pacilic Coast, yet where they have 

 been used they have given excellent 

 results. The oil si)ray covers the tree 

 better than sulphui'-lime does, so that 

 it docs not ie(niirc so much to complete 

 the spraying. It penetrates into cracks 

 and crevices iuid, since it is not watery 

 like sulphur-lime, it wets the eggs and 

 bodies of the insects. 



In tlie i)rcpaiation of ciiidc oil emul- 

 sion, (California crude oil, which has an 

 asphalt base, should be used. The 

 emulsion is made by dissolving twenty 

 pounds of lish oil (or whale oil) soap 



in twenty-five gallons of hot water. 

 Four pounds of 98% lye is then dis- 

 solved in a couple of gallons of water, 

 added to the soap, and enough water 

 run in to make the full amount up to 

 177 gallons. This mixture, in the spray 

 tank, rctiuires an cllicient agitator, of 

 the propeller kind, to emulsify the oil. 

 The agltatoi" is started running, and 

 when at full sjjecd the oil is slowly 

 poured into the tank. Twenty gallons 

 of the crude oil complete the foi'iimla, 

 and when this has been churned to an 

 emulsion the spray is ready for use. 

 .\fter the oil has been added nothing 

 else nuisl be put into the lank, oi- some 



