19I4 



BETTER FRUIT 



Pase I- 



of oranges, apricots, lemons, etc., and 

 today leads the country in green-fruit 

 production. In the matter of oranges 

 California is a newcomer, not 5,000 

 boxes of that fruit from that slate 

 having been sold in Xew York prior to 

 1893, although Western markets knew 

 them before that date. The orange 

 groves of the golden state developed 

 much more rapidly than did those of 

 Florida, and for this reason have al- 

 ready outstripped those of the latter, 

 which has, however, grown them nnich 

 longer. 



Florida Trade Starts 

 The Florida trade began in the early 

 seventies, just after California had so 

 successfully entered the market with 

 her pears, peaches and grapes. Oranges 

 were the first fruit sent out. Today 

 Florida shares with California as the 

 greatest source of supply for domestic 

 tropical and sub-tropical fruits of all 

 kinds. 



Trade From Other Districts 

 Since that time many districts have 

 developed a special fruit trade. Colo- 

 rado and the Imperial Valley of Cali- 

 fornia furnish most of the niuskmelons, 

 etc., for the United Stales. Louisiana, 

 Texas, Florida and the other Gulf 

 States hold the early vegetable and 

 fruit supply for the Northern States. 

 Michigan, Georgia and Connecticut 

 each has a famous peach district; the 

 Northwest has become world famous 

 for its excellent boxed apples: some 

 sections of New York have become con- 

 tinuous vineyards, and so on down the 

 list of stales, each locality having de- 

 veloped a specialized fruit industry 

 now supplies the remainder of the 

 country, the whole forming an inmiense 

 interstate connnerce of untold value. 



Influence of Refrigeration 

 The use of cold storage in the trans- 

 portation of fruils has increased greatly 

 of late years, and we find a growing in- 

 terest in this business from Canada to 

 the Gulf. Perishable ])roducts are thus 

 put into distant markets, and the season 

 during which they may be had by con- 

 sumers is very nuich lengthened. This 

 has made possible such specialized fruit 

 districts as the "Finger-Lake" region <if 

 New York, the Imperial Valley, the 

 berry districts of the South, the citrus 

 fruit districts of California and Florida 

 and the apple industry of the North- 

 west. Refrigerator cars were first 

 built for the meat trade. The meat was 

 hung in cold storage houses, and was 

 loaded into the cars at or near the 

 freezing point. In a tight, well-built 

 car such a cold load would warm up 

 very slowly, and a small amount of ice 

 served to carry it safely to its destina- 

 tion. When it was attempted to use 

 these cars for fruit the hot load, fresh 

 from the fields, soon melted the limited 

 ice supply and the cars invariably ar- 

 rived heated and in bad order. To use 

 these cars successfully it was found 

 necessary to build cooling houses at the 

 shipping points, in which the fruit 

 would be cooled nlf before loading, as 

 in the case of meat. This caused delay 

 in getting the fruit on the market and 



TABLE VI— EXPORTS OF ROXED .A.PPLES FOR SE.\SON 1913-14 FROM NEW YORK 



(Copyrighted 1914, Mahlon Terhune) 



Man- 

 Liverpool London Glasgow Hamburg Bremen Chester Various Total 

 1913 Bo.re.1 Boxes Boxes Boxes Boxes Boxes Boxes Boxes 



Sept. C 640 640 



" 13 1,640 1,903 3,543 



" 20 4,584 4,584 



27 3,537 7,281 1.583 12,401 



Oct. 4..:... 7,599 6.177 2,081 637 16,494 



11 5,542 9,001 2,582 664 17,789 



18 12,947 12,715 2,590 10,316 2,520 41,088 



" 25 .- 7,528 17,922 3,140 7,228 1,275 37,093 



Nov. 1 12,080 22,664 2,546 9,373 5,177 104 51,944 



8 8,363 21,708 3,176 12,234 3,866 49,347 



15 8,913 9,455 15,965 5,957 600 40,890 



22 6,413 5,321 8,985 23,502 4,641 1,851 50,716 



29 7,535 6,799 5,583 16,393 8,204 44,514 



Dec. 6 5,443 8.475 8,666 6,522 1,256 30,362 



13 9,007 6,190 5,482 9.838 7,884 840 39,241 



20 2,253 4,596 2.757 1,865 1,295 600 13,366 



27 2,948 2,050 10,700 3,764 600 20,062 



191i 



Jan. 3 3.209 5,465 3,804 13.841 3,321 2.885 32,525 



10 6,920 2,490 3,669 9,568 22,647 



17 6,563 9,732 9,637 4,645 2,680 33,257 



24 3,896 9,818 789 1,955 1,200 1,200 18,858 



31 6,534 5,618 3,025 10,256 4,981 640 6,490 37.544 



Feb. 7 7,439 5,305 1,383 ",.537 100 21.704 



14 .- 4,123 6,317 2,032 7,3.59 1.280 21,111 



21 4,057 3,476 2,201 5,256 1,200 16,190 



28 4,206 8,059 730 3,150 640 16,785 



Mar. 7 3,838 946 5.659 1,306 11,749 



14 2,589 361 404 6,120 9,474 



21 2,365 5,861 994 9,220 



28 2,314 1,448 1G6 630 200 4,788 



April 4 1,952 241 720 1,938 5,151 



" 11 2,428 630 384 3.448 



18 640 640 



" 25 3,282 630 3,912 



Totals 168,133 212,592 65,755 205.787 64,437 1,270 25,157 743,131 



Boston 46,688 28,651 18,149 5,988 28,651 128.127 



Grand totals 214,821 241,243 83,904 211,775 64,437 29,921 25,157 871,258 



COMPARISONS VMTH OTHER SEASONS 



Liverpool London Glasgow Hamburg Bremen Hull Various Total 



1899-1900 58,992 70,724 13,118 1,925 4.826 149.515 



1900-01 61,602 107,752 22,415 1,325 7,000 200,094 



1901-02 109,715 153,653 20,449 2,929 9.681 296.427 



190'>-03 69,020 126,730 11.722 488 4.629 212.587 



1.103-04 107,260 188,643 24,302 23,486 19,814 25.470 388.975 



1904-05 17,154 32,254 24,484 13,420 87,321 



1905-06 131,172 196,.516 24,067 14,938 13,025 20,657 15,371 415,740 



1906-07 87,067 128,024 10,307 3,878 22.735 252.011 



1907-08 98,609 151.363 11,958 2,208 21,068 285,206 



1908-09 208,383 243,969 41,708 3,263 17,858 3,198 2,413 .520,792 



1909-10 170,139 249,990 48.054 22,516 21,883 18,152 530,734 



1010-11 361,268 501,964 94,465 77,981 18,386 .... 52,546 1,106,610 



iqil-io 189,334 226,094 44,242 70,634 10,482 .... 46,249 587,035 



1010-13 389,084 586,566 106,982 172,208 94,272 30.705 73,840 1,453,577 



l(,l5.14 214,821 241,243 83,904 211,775 64,437 29,921 25,157 871,258 



made much additional expense. How- table vii-EXPORTs^ of, ^fruits from 

 ever, it demonstrated the success of jggg j^iq jgj, 



refrigeration for the transportation of Dried apples. ?2,247,86l s2,056,292 ?4,545,97l 



fruits and soon cars were built espe- Afresh apples. 1.444.655 3,175,433 5.409,946 



cially for the fruit trade, so that any Oranges 271,468 2,213.905 3,022,859 



noint bavino sutlicient business to '■""") 1910 19V2 



pmni na\inr, suiliuiu uuMiit-s^ lu p^^^^^ ?!l.646..332 .?4,016,554 .?4,969,053 



otter can secure eliicient car service. Raisins 139,698 417,403 1,351,986 



with competent men to look after the other green, ripe .,iiQ„n -q^ioini 



, ,. 1 • • r 11 t-^ dried fruits ?,.t4o,4o1 2,119,210 3,812,304 



proper loading and icing ot the cars. 'including apricots, peaches and pears. 



The first use of ice for the transporta- 1900 I9t0 wii 



tion of fruits was in 1805, when the ice ^^1^^!^.^^,;^ ::::;;:: ''^^ '''m% 



trade was extended to foreign coun- Pears, fresh 302,958 784,627 



tries; at that time apples were shipped i9uo i9io 1913 



, .l" r>..;oV.V Xh . .„.^rl»rn Canned fruits .53,127,278 .?2,656,019 .?4,012,463 

 even to the Orient. the mortei n other pre- 



••Rohn" svstem of steamship refrigera- served fruits 63,448 176,474 136,870 



tion allows fruit transportation practi- ™al fruits. .11,486,172 I8,.i04.59l .30^354,700 



callv around the globe. The first use Total Nuts Agricultural Fruit in 



of the refrigerator car was for the (S Peanuts > «?f',-V?'-^n ^^P?^^ 



. .. ,. c r^ ^•c 1900 ^Ia6,490 .?844.lil6..'>30 1.3';o 



transijortation of oranges from (.alitor- 1910 381,063 871.158,425 2.190 



nia. The first attempt at carrying very IH12 608,938 1.048,433,768 2.9% 



perishable fruits was in 1808. when the . . , , , ,„: ,j 



1,^ ,, . , . „ 1 1 „(• sarv, as it permits ot a longer period 



first attempt at carrving carloads ot ' •• ,' ,. ^ ,'^, ,,,,.„„ 



strawberries under refrigeration was "^^'''l^^ ""'' ^T'^T h ^ ,' .rJ^V^ 

 made by Mr. Davis of Detroit, Michi- ''^^t''"^ P'-^vents glutting the maiket. 

 gan. This and following attempts Small Fruits 

 failed— the first successful ear being ji,^. acreage of all classes of small 

 sent in 1872 from .\nna. Illinois, to ,-,.^,1,^ decreased between 1899 and 1909 

 Chicago— these berries having been ,•,.,„„ ., („j.,i „f 3(|i),77(i to 272,4(i0 acres, 

 pre-cooled. This constituted the first „r 12 per cent; likewise the total pro- 

 use of pre-cooling as applied to the duclion was 7.9 per cent less, the only 

 transportation of fruits. Today the j.,.„p ^yH\^ .,„ increased i)roduction 

 refrigerator car and steamer are abso- in-ing cranberries. Small fruits in gen- 

 lutely necessary to the fruit trade. ^.p;,] ;||-e grown rather uniformly 

 Cold storage of fruit has been practiced throughout the I'nited States. In 

 ever since the first storage of ice, or acreage New York and New Jersey 

 even before that time when i)erishable liead the list, but many states produce 

 Iiroducts were stored in cellars. Today croi)s excelling the New .lersey crop in 

 ihe cold storage industry is very neces- value. Strawberries come from all 



