TO 14 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 



CT|glM53 i M' - ^i ti^ & Ji iUi MiU 'ii!^ ty!ltytM iyi^'-!a!i'tL'i iUi BJtB 



Printing Point Does Not Bob Up and Down 



CENTER AT WHICH THE TYPE IS DIRECTED IS AT REST 

 WHEN IMPRESSION IS MADE 



Ball Bearing; Long Wearing 



In n L. C. Smith & Bros. Typewriter .hespo, 



on the paper whicli is to receive the type impression is stationary at the instant the type 

 hits. The carriage does not bob up and down when the shift is made to write capitals. 

 Why.' Because the type is shifted— not the carriage. 



The only movement of the carriage is back and forth on its closely adjusted ball bearing- 

 runways—and this does not take place while the print is being made. There is no lifting 

 of the carriage. 



This is one reason why L. C. Smith i; Bros. t\ pewriting is free from blurs and every 

 letter in the right place. Ask for dcinuxstration. 



L. C. Smith & Bros. Typewriter Co 



Branctiesjn all Principal Cities 



Home Office and Factory 

 SYRACUSE. N. Y 



Portland Branch Office jg 

 306 OAK STREET S 



I ^iratTiiTi'sg^g^a.Tra '^tf^tf^Sftfjfvffr^ii ^itraijraf^ 



.>*^w- 



Lennon Flume 



Is Water Tight. No leaks: no law suits; no 

 waste; no upkeep. All the water delivered 

 where wanted. "Armco" (American Ingot) 

 Iron used in its construction means the 



■/ UTMOST OF SATISF.ACTORV SERVICE. 



Coast Culvert & Flume Co. 



Portland (Kenton), Oreiron 



California Fruit Growers' Exchange 



By G. Harold Powell. Gint-r.rl Manngoi , ly 



Angck's. California 



THE California orange and lemon 

 crop equals ,iO,000 carloads, or about 

 2{),00(),000 boxes. There are between 

 10,00(1 and 12,000 growers engaged in 

 the culture of the fruit. Four-fifths of 

 the growers are organized into co- 

 ojjerative associations, more than fiO 

 per cent of which are federated into 

 the California Fruit (irowers' Ex- 

 change. The California l""ruit Crowers' 

 Exchange is an organization which 

 acts as a clearing house in providing 

 the facilities through which (i.oOO grow- 

 ers distribute and market their fruit. 

 There are three foundation stones in 

 the exchange systems — the local asso- 

 ciations of growers, the district ex- 

 changes and the central exchange. The 

 local associations, the district ex- 

 changes and the central or Califr)rnia 

 Fruit Growers' Exchange are organized 

 and managed by the growers on a non- 

 prolit co-operative basis, each of them 

 operating at cost, and each distributing 

 the entire net proceeds to the growers 

 after ojierating expenses are deducted. 

 The California I'ruit Growers' Ex- 

 change comprises 115 local associa- 



tions, each of which has from 40 to 200 

 members. The growers usually or- 

 gaize as a corporation without prolit, 

 under the laws of California, issuing 

 stock to each member in proportion to 

 his bearing acreage, to the number of 

 boxes he ships, or in equal amounts to 

 each grower. The association assembles 

 the fruit in a packing house, and there 

 grades, pools, packs and prepares it for 

 shiijment. The associations are man- 

 aged by a board of directors through a 

 manager and are conducted exclusively 

 lor the benefit of the growers. Thev 

 declare no dividends and aciumulate 

 no i)rofits. The fruit is pooled each 

 month, or in a shorter or longer i)erio(l. 

 each grower receiving his ])roi)ortion 

 of the i)roceeds received for each grade 

 shipped (hiring the i)ool. Many of the 

 associations pick the fruit, and some of 

 Ihem prune and fumigate tiie trees for 

 the members. Each association has 

 brands for each grade, and when a car- 

 load is ready for shijiment it is mar- 

 kcleil through the district manager, of 

 wliicli the association is a member, 

 llircuigh the agents and facilities pro- 



vided by the California Fruit Growers' 

 Exchange. 



There are seventeen district ex- 

 changes. These exchanges are corpo- 

 rations without profit. There may be 

 one or more district exchanges in a 

 community, depending u|)on the num- 

 ber of local associations and other local 

 conditions. The district exchange acts 

 as a clearing house in marketing the 

 fruit for the associations through the 

 California F'ruit Growers' Exchange, 

 and acts as a medium through which 

 most of the business relations between 

 the exchange and the local associations 

 are handled. The district exchange 

 orders cars and sees that they are 

 placed by the railroad at the various 

 association ])acking houses; keeps a 

 record of the cars shipped by each 

 association, with their destinations; in- 

 forms itself, through the California 

 Fruit Growers' Flxchange, of all phases 

 of the citrus marketing business; places 

 the information before the asscoia- 

 tions; receives the returns for the fruit 

 through the central exchange and re- 

 turns the proceeds to the associations. 



The California I'ruit Growers' Ex- 

 change is a non-profit corporation 

 under the laws of California. It is 

 formed by seventeen district exchanges, 

 with a paid-in capital stock of !?1,700. 

 It is managed by a board of seventeen 

 directors through a general manager, 

 one director representing each district 

 exchange. The function of the Cali- 

 fornia I'ruit Growers' Exchange is to 

 furnish marketing facilities for the 

 district exchanges at a ijro rata share 

 of the cost. The exchange places 

 bonded agents in the ijrinciiial markets 

 of the United States and Canada, de- 

 lines the duties of the agents and exer- 

 cises su))ervision over them. It gathers 

 information through them of condi- 

 tions in each market, receives tele- 

 graphic advices of the sale of each car 

 and furnishes the information every 

 day in bulletin form to the local asso- 

 ciations. The exchange business is on 

 a cash basis; it makes prompt account- 

 ing of returns to the growers throu.gh 

 the district exchanges; it takes care of 

 litigation that arises in connection with 

 the marketing of the fruit: handles all 

 claims; conducts an extensive adver- 

 tising campaign to increase the demand 

 for citrus fruit; develojis new markets 

 and performs such other functions as 

 are set forth in the contract between 

 the central exchange and the district 

 exchanges. The central exchange levies 

 an assessment against each district ex- 

 change for a ])ro rata share of the 

 expense on the basis of the number of 

 lioxes shipped. It dechu'cs no dividends. 

 It does not buy or sell fruit or any 

 other commodity, and exercises no 

 control, cither directly or in<lirectly. 

 over sale or ])uichase. Its function is 

 to ])rovide facilities for the distribution 

 an<l maikeling of the fruit for those 

 shippers who desire such facilities. 

 I'nder the exchange system every ship- 

 per reserves the right to regulate anil 

 control bis own shii)nients; to develop 

 his own brands of fruit: to use his own 

 iudgment as to when and in what 

 amount it sliall l)c shipped, to what 



