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BETTER FRUIT 



Page 13 



Natural Gall in Young Apple Tref Tluil Has 



Hpi'ome Infected at Place Where Tree Was 



Bench flrafted. 



fall often will not develop until active 

 yrowth in the following spring. May 

 not this retarded development of the 

 disease account for the large amount of 

 gall that sometimes develops on young 

 orchard trees from stock that was care- 

 fully inspected and appeared to be per- 

 fectly free from crown gall? 



Crown gall infection must start from 

 soil containing the disease-producing 

 organism. There can be little doubt 

 I hat the soils of California are often 

 naturally infected with crown gall, 

 ■fhis is especially true of those that 

 were formerly wooded or have pre- 

 vioiish grown stone fruits, especially 

 if the trees grew on peach roots. F.ittle 

 is actually known as to how actively 

 Ihe disease spreads under nursery irri- 

 gation. The fact that where irrigation 

 is practiced crown gall appears more 

 prevalent would suggest that the dis- 

 ease is possibly spread in this way. 



CONSIDER THE FUTURE GENERATIONS 

 OON'T LEAVE THEM WORN OUT FARMS 



Productive soil that is continually being "worked" will 

 soon run out of producing ability and become the shell of 

 its former strength. 



The game laws of TODAY are for the future generations. The relia- 

 ble fertilizers of the present insure a legacy for the heirs of to-morrow — 

 a guarantee of SIGHTLY orchards instead of SICKLY ones. To 

 keep your farm producing — give back to the soil that which is taken 

 out. Otherwise its producing possibilities will REDUCE instead of 

 PRODUCE— DECREASE instead of INCREASE. 



BEAVER BRAND ANIMAL FERTILIZERS 



"A FERTILIZER FOR EVERY SOIL" 



are the "ounces of prevention." The guaranteed analysis shows the proper pro- 

 portion of animal ammonia, nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash that revives 

 strength— gives new hfe- enables the next crop to feed upon the necessary susten- 

 ance for a good healthy harvest. Avoid the worn-out-land danger. Insure against 

 poor crops— increase your land's producing ability by ordering this famous fertilizer 

 XOVV. Fertilizer booklet F-:^7 Free. Tells about fertilizers, their application and 

 the results they produce for others. 



Union Meat Company 



North Portland, Ore. 



Seedling p:n(?lish Wahuit Showing Crown Gall. 

 Similar galls arc coninidn on Ihe trees ol the 

 stone fruits, especially \vhen peach or almond 

 roots arc used. Plum roots are much more 

 resistant. 



On vigorous-growing seedlings like 

 almonds there is often a scar directly 

 beneath where the seed is attached that 

 would be a most favorable place for 

 gall infections. Also almond seedlings 

 sometimes show small checks or cracks 

 in the surface bark. The gall usually 

 appears at the crown and very close to 

 where the seed was formerly attached. 

 Some experimental work is in jirogress 

 in treating pits before i)lanting with a 

 thick paste of bordeaux mixture, with 

 the hope that i)ossibly this will steril- 

 ize a small area of soil immediately 

 surrounding the pit and so possibly 

 prevent this early infe<-tion of the tree, 

 if such there be. .\ny injury to the 

 trunk or root in the nursery or in dig- 

 ging the trees would be a favorable 

 point for infection. The organism is 

 entirely a wound i)arasite and could 

 gain entrance in any mechanical in- 

 jury, animal or insect bite. 



The following is a list of i)lants upon 

 which crown gall has been found 



to occur naturally: Apple, apricot, 

 almonds, Arbutus unedo, alfalfa, beet, 

 clematis (wild), clover (red), cherry, 

 chestnut, cotton, daisy (Paris) or mar- 

 guerite, grape, hop, honeysuckle, logan- 

 berry, peacli, pepper tree, plum, prune, 

 pear, parsnip, pecan, quince, raspberry, 

 rose, salsify, sterculia, Victoria bottle 

 tree, turnip, willow, English walnut, 

 California black walnut. Eastern wal- 

 nut. Galls have been artificially pro- 

 duced on the following in addition to 

 those named above: Catalina cherix, 

 eucalyptus, citrus, sweet orange, sour 

 orange, lemon, lime, .\ngiers quince, 

 .lapanese walnuts, butternut, a large 

 number of dilferenl species of culti- 

 vated and wild plums, including the 

 following: Prunus cerasifera, P. Amer- 

 icana, P. tridora, P. domestica. some of 

 whose varieties are quite resistant; P. 

 amygdalus, P. avium, P. davidiana, P. 

 hortulana (wild goose), P. Alleghcni- 

 ensis, P. Simonii, P. platycarpa. 



Continued in next issue 



