19^5 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 21 



UrasselH 



^7"£ 03 



Grasselli Arsenate of Lead Paste 

 Grasselli Arsenate of Lead Powdered 



The quality which has been standard in all 

 fruit growing sections of the United States 

 during the past eight years. 



Grasselli Brand Sulphate of Nicotine 



Guaranteed to contain 40% Xicotine. 



Thrips and other plant lice can be destroyed by 

 spraying with Grasselli Brand Sulphate of Nicotine. 

 May be combined with Arsenate of Lead or Lime- 

 Sulphur Solution, or both, to give a combined treat- 

 ment for Plant Lice, Leaf Eating Insects and 

 Eungous Diseases. 



The Grasselli Chemical Co. 



Cleveland, Ohio St. Paul, Minnesota 



ESTABLISHED 1839 



Distributors in All Leading Fruit Districts 



The San Jose Scale Insect 



By A. L. Melandcr, Entomo 



THE San Jose scale is an Asiatic 

 insect tliat was introduced into 

 California alxiiit 1870, and since 

 that time has spread into practically 

 every fruit-growing district of the 

 United States. Because of the rapidity 

 of its multiplication and because its 

 presence is poisonous to the plant on 

 which it lives this s|)ecies is considere<l 

 one of the most destructive of all in- 

 sect pests. 



The scale of the adult insect measures 

 about one-tifteenth of an inch in diam- 

 eter and shelters the living insect be- 

 neath. The individual scales are cir- 



logist, PuUman, Washington 



cular, flat and brownish yellow, and in 

 the center bear a tiny darker pimple. 

 Newly-born individuals are yellow in 

 color and are naked, but acquire a 

 blackish color, so that a twig infested 

 with the scale in its various stages 

 of development looks as if it were 

 sprinkled over with a.shes. So nearly 

 is the insect colored like the bark thai 

 a few scales on a twig would pass un- 

 noticed. When the insect becomes 

 al)un(lant, however, the bark is some- 

 times apt to assume a reddish or 

 purplish color, due to the poisoning of 

 the branches b\' the scale. This insect 



lives also on the leaves and fruit, and 

 usually in the case of apples, peaches, 

 etc., causes a red ring to form in the 

 skin of the fruit surrounding the scale. 

 Instead of propagating by egg pro- 

 duction like most insects, the San Jose 

 scale gives birth to living young. 

 During the day of birth these minute 

 individuals are active. They possess 

 legs, eyes and feelers, but have no scale 

 covering. During this day they migrate 

 from their parents usually to locate on 

 the newer growth. When they settle 

 down, the waxy scale begins to form as 

 a secretion from their backs. At the 

 same time the insect underneath degen- 

 erates, losing its legs and feelers, and 

 becomes virtually a helpless, hungry, 

 minute speck of living matter. In about 

 two weeks this insect molts and the 

 cast shell becomes the center of the 

 new and enlarging scale covering. The 

 males now become oval in sha|)e, retain 

 their eyes and gradually grow stumps 

 of legs and wings. The females become 

 even more degenerate than bel'ore, their 

 rotund body bearing little resemblance 

 to other insects. A month to six weeks 

 after birth, according to conditions of 

 the weather, the life cycle is complete 

 and the individuals attain sexual ma- 

 turity. The males then emerge from 

 their shells and immediately fertilize 

 the sedentary females. During their 

 brief life these males arc quite active, 

 but they are extremely delicate in their 

 organization and easily perish. For 

 some six weeks after mating, the fe- 

 males are able to produce live young 

 at the rate of several each day. During 

 the warm summer months the rate of 

 reproduction reaches more than five 

 hundred offspring to each mother. 

 Theoretically, were all the offspring 

 to survive, the progeny of a single 



A Book You Ought to Have 



IF yoii ha\'e not already received a copy of 

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WHEN WRITING AnVF.KTlSr.RS Mr.NriON BKTTER FRUIT 



