i9i5 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 37 



St 



oraying Beneficial 



Continued from page 11 



the leaves of the cherry and pear trees, 

 and they feed upon the epidermal tis- 

 sue, leaving the frame work of the 

 leaves exposed, which soon die and 

 turn brown. One pound of arsenate of 

 lead to fifty gallons of water will kill 

 the slugs but will not hurt the fruit 

 for use. 



Codling Moth. — One pound of arse- 

 nate of lead to fifty gallons of water 

 will give as good results in fighting 

 codling moth as more lead. The great 

 secret in fighting this pest is in getting 

 the poison into the calyx cup of the 

 embryo apple. If you do not do this 

 your work spells failure. After several 

 years of careful, systematic experi- 

 mental work. Professor Melander of 

 the Agricultural College at Pullman, 

 Washington, informs us that an aver- 

 age of results shows that in 85 per cent 

 of the wormy apples examined the 

 worms entered at the calyx. This 

 being true, and I believe it is, it is plain 

 to be seen that here is the place to 

 fight. Regardless of theory and from a 

 practical standpoint, it is useless to try 

 to poison these worms by putting the 

 lead upon the outside of the apple, as 

 it has been observed under a strong 

 glass that the worms, in eating in at the 

 side of the apple, spit out the thick, 

 tough skin — do not swallow it. Hence 

 spit out the poison, too. The poison 

 does not get into the worm's digestive 

 canal and it does not die, but keeps 

 right on doing business. If space per- 

 mitted I would be glad to deal more 

 fully with the actions of the codling 

 moth and other insects which sting and 

 scar the apple, but this is an article on 

 spraying and I will have to confine 

 myself to that subject. Do not think 

 that because you see a sting on the side 

 of an apple where a worm has started 

 to eat it that it is a codling moth larva 

 that has been killed by arsenate of 

 lead put upon the outside of the apple, 

 for it is not. Such stings are the work 

 of some other insect and I question the 

 efiicacy of arsenate of lead in combat- 

 ing them. 



Arsenate of lead solution as applied 

 to the fruit is not a continuous, co- 

 hesive, elastic coating, but instead it 

 lies upon the fruit in detached, minute 

 particles. As the fruit grows the skin 

 expands and these particles are con- 

 stantly being separated farther and 

 farther apart, so that the insects can 

 bite in between them, and they are wise 

 little rascals, I can assure you, in their 

 choice of things to eat. 



It is not a question of how many 

 times it is necessary to spray for cod- 

 ling moth, it is the question of getting 

 the poison into the calyx cups. If you 

 get it there it will stay there until the 

 apple is destroyed, and what is more, 

 it will always be poison. From tlie 

 time when the petals begin to fall to 

 the tin]e when the calyx closes by the 

 swelling of the apple will vary from 

 six to ten days, according to varieties 

 of api)les and climatic conditions. 

 During this interval is the time to spray 

 with lead for codling moth. .\s most 



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ESTABLISHED 1878 



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WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MtNTION BETTER FRUIT 



