19 1 5 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 33 



weeks after, to assume that there will 

 be no scab during the remainder of 

 the year. It may develop slowly, and 

 then with a very favorable turn of 

 weather spread so rapidly that it will 

 practically destroy the entire crop 

 of fruit. 



The prevalence of the disease seems 

 to have no relation whatever to the 

 vigor of the trees; to their rate of 

 growth; to the character of soil upon 

 which they are growing, or to tlie 

 character of fertilizer that has been 

 used in the orchard. At present there 

 seems to be no known method of 

 treatment of the trees that will modify 

 their resistance or susceptibility to the 

 attacks of the disease on twig, foliage 

 or fruit. These are independent fac- 

 tors. So far as we can determine at 

 the present time the resistance of the 

 trees to the attacks of llie disease de- 

 pends, first, upon the individual char- 

 acter of the variety and, secondly, 

 upon the opportunity for spread of 

 the disease as modified by source of 

 infectious material and weather con- 

 ditions. Apple scab does not seem to 

 be directly associated with the action 

 of any fungi nor directly with the 

 action of the attacks of any insects, 

 so that the disease must be combated 

 directly, and there is very little that 

 can be done in an indirect way. 



There are two lines of work com- 

 monly undertaken to prevent the ap- 

 ])earance of this disease on the fruit. 

 These two methods of disease control, 

 however, are not independent of other 

 lines of orchard management, and in 

 neai'ly all cases can be conducted as 

 a part of the orchard practice with 

 very little special attention. It so 

 happens that there are other pests that 

 must be destroyed, and in contention 

 with these other troubles it is not 

 ordinarily necessary to make special 

 api)lications of sprays or conduct 

 other lines of cultural operations as 

 special means of attack on the scab. 

 The first process of combating the 

 scab is that of destruction of infec- 

 tious material. This cannot always be 

 carried out in practice as fully as it 

 can be advocated in theory. For in- 

 stance, the disease appears to a very 

 great extent on the twigs of the 

 Mcintosh apple. It is not known to 

 what extent this twig infection results 

 in the hold-over form i)roducing the 

 sjiores in the spring, but it would be 

 impracticable to undertake to cut off 

 and destroy all infected twigs. It is 

 not impracticable in all locations to 

 undertake to destroy all windfall and 

 scab-infected fruit left in tlie orchard 

 or piled as culls around the packing 

 houses; nor is it always beyond the 

 limits of good practice to undertake to 

 plow under or in some other way 

 destroy the scab-infested foliage. This 

 can frequently be done, and I am con- 

 vinced that in the rainfall sections of 

 I lie Northwest it is not only a pos- 

 sible ijractice but in most cases would 

 be a very ])rotitable one. I do not 

 believe that this can be carried out 

 independentlv- of all other points of 

 orchard practice, but it iiuist be con- 



Planet Jr. 



Orchard 

 Gultivator 



For the fruit-grower wlio wants maximum profits this No. 41 

 Planet Jr Orchard and Universal Cultivator is an absolute necessity in the 

 orchard, vineyard, or hopyard. Its strong, durable construction and last- 

 ing service maUe it the most economical orchard cultivator you can buy. 

 This No. 41 has strong, light frame, low wheels, and tongue, all of steel. Is equipped 



^with fruit-tree shield and side-hitch for low trees. 

 It carriestecth, sweeps, furrowers, plows, and spe- 

 cial weeder attachments. Works deep or shallow, and 

 cuts from 4 to 6% feet wide. Convertible into disc- 

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New 72-page Catalog (1G8 illustrations) free! 



Describes over 55 tools, including Seeders, Wheel 

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Write postal for it today. 



S L ALLEN & CO 

 BoxllOeU PhilaPa 



Established over JO years. 



■\Vc carry slock in San Francisco 

 aiiil L.os Aneeles. Agencies In all 

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J. E. Nish.Rialto.Cal., 

 writes: **Have used 

 your Planet Jr Orchard 

 Cultivatorfor 15 years. 

 Remarkable what a 

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NITRATE OF SODA 



is the king- of all fertilizers. It is as cheap and is better than other 

 fertilizers. It not only enriches the soil, makes trees healthy and 

 strong, produces better fi'uit, but it 



Ripens Fruit More Quickly 



It is especially adaptable to all orchard needs, because it can be 

 used both as a spi-ay and as a fertilizer. It contains 15 per cent 

 of nitrogen, which is the principle base of all fertilizers, and this 

 nitrogen is immediately available for your use. 



Let us send you literature proving these statements 

 Write Dept. B 



NITRATE AGENCIES CO., Leary Building, Seattle 



Exposition Fares Announced 



Round Trip Fares to the Panama Pacific International Exposition, 

 San Francisco, open February 20, closes September 4, 1915, and the 

 Panama California Exposition, now open and will continue the 

 entire year, have been announced 



via 



Shasta Route Trains 



Fares from Portland 



To San Francisco \ 

 and return ) 



B35.00. 

 B30.00. 



To San Diego ( $52.25. 

 and return) $61.50. 



Return limit 90 days 

 Return limit 30 days 



Return limit 40 days 

 Return limit Six months 



The Exposition Line 1!HS 



Sale Dates: Feb. 15 to Nov. 30, 1915 



Three tiue trainf* daily, Shasta LmiittMl. San Francisco Express 

 and California P'xpress, modern equipment and direct connec- 

 tion with trains at San Francisco i'or points South, 



For full particulars call at City Ticket Office, 80 Sixth 

 Street, corner Oak, Union Depot or East Morrison 



Southern Pacific 



John M. Scott, General Passenger Agent 

 Portland, Oregon 



WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 



