Poge ?d 



BETTER FRUIT 



February 



Grasselif 



2L7"£ o5 



Grasselli Arsenate of Lead Paste 

 Grasselli Arsenate of Lead Powdered 



The quality Avhicli has been standard in all 

 fruit growing sections of the United States 

 during the past eight years. 



Grasselli Brand Sulphate of Nicotine 



Guaranteed to contain 40% Nicotine. 



Thrips and other plant lice can be destroyed by 

 spraying with Grasselli Brand Sulphate of Nicotine. 

 May be combined with Arsenate of Lead or Lime- 

 Sulphur Solution, or both, to give a combined treat- 

 ment for Plant Lice, Leaf Bating Insects and 

 Fungous Diseases. 



The Grasselli Chemical Co. 



Cleveland, Ohio St. Paul, Minnesota 



ESTABLISHED 1839 



Distributors in All Leading Frnit Districts 



LADD & TILTON BANK 



Eslablished 1S59 



Oldest Bank on the Pacific Coast 



PORTLAND, OREGON 



Capital $1,000,000.00 



Surplus 1,000,000.00 



Officers: 

 W. M. Ladd, President R. s. Howard. Jr., Assistant Cashier 



Edward Cookingham, Vice President J. W. Ladd, Assistant Cashier 



W. H. Dunckley, Cashier Walter M. Cook, Assistant Cashier 



mTEREST PAID ON TIME DEPOSITS AND SAVINGS ACCOUNTS 



Accounts of banks, firms, corporations and individuals solicited. Travelers' checks for 

 sale, and drafts issued available in all countries of Europe. 



Crown^Gall, Black Knot, Etc. 



Continued from last issue 

 Owing to the ovorlapijing of the 

 broods, individual scales in every stage 

 of development can be found at any 

 time of the summer. The winter, how- 

 ever, is passed only by those indi- 

 viduals that have not molted. These 

 are blackish in color, small in size and 

 are most abundant on the smaller 

 branches, which therefore require the 

 closest attention when s|)raying for this 

 pest. A few of the old yellowish 

 females remain alive into the spring, 

 but they rejiroduce only a very small 

 percentage of the future scales. Ordi- 

 narily severe winter weather destroys 

 but few of the quarter-grown indi- 

 viduals. The condition of the host tree 

 is a much more important factor in de- 

 termining the winter mortality of the 

 scale. A vigorous tree that is not poi- 

 soned by the injections of the insects 

 is likely to over-winter as much as 

 ninety-eight per cent of the individuals. 

 On trees that are badly poisoned, how- 

 ever, as many as ninety per cent of 

 the scales succumb. The individuals 

 that survive the winter resume growth 

 very early in the spring, so that by 

 May they reach maturity, and from 

 then on the young are continually born. 

 While many insects restrict their 

 food to a few species of plants, the San 

 Jose scale can exist on a wide range of 

 hosts. Apple, pear, peach, cherry, plum 

 and quince are all very readily in- 

 fected. Of the orchard trees, the apri- 

 cot, however, is much less susceptible 

 to attack. Strawberry, raspberry, cur- 

 rant, gooseberry and grape are favorite 

 hosts. The insect frequents the nut 

 trees, such as almond, walnut and 

 chestnut, and of the ornamental plants 

 is frequently found on rose, spirea, 

 honeysuckle, hawthorn, dogwood, wil- 

 low, locust, maple and poplar, as well 

 as on many other plants, \\1ien con- 

 trolling the scale by spraying, atten- 

 tion should be given the shrubbery 

 along the creeks and river bottoms, as 

 these plants frequently become a reser- 

 voir of infection to supply the neigh- 

 boring district. It is these neglected 

 scales, as well as the few under buds 

 or at the tips of branches, which are 

 usually missed in spraying, that tide 

 the species over to make spraying 

 again necessary the next year. 



Although now so widely spread over 

 the United States, this insect docs not 

 thrive everywhere within Washington. 

 Several times has it been introduced 

 west of the Cascades, but has failed to 

 gain a foothold. In the ui)land country 

 of Eastern Washington the insect has 

 never become established, but in all of 

 the river valleys it is present in abun- 

 dance. The San Jose scale can spread 

 from tree to tree when blown by the 

 wind during its first day of life. Dur- 

 ing this short period of activity it is 

 able to ciawl on insect or bird visitors, 

 and in this way can be carried from 

 orchard to orchard. Its presence in a 

 new district has been brought about 

 either by this method of distribution 

 or more eoimiionh by being introduced 

 on nursery stock. .\s a verv few indi- 



WliEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 



