19 1 5 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 37 



viduals will readily suffice for popu- 

 lating a fruit district, various states 

 have established stringent laws regu- 

 lating the inspection of nursery stock. 

 However, no matter how well nurser\ 

 stock is inspected, it would be (|uite 

 impossible tfi declare it absolutely free 

 from scale, for the over-wintering 

 youni/, in size like a pin point and in 

 color harmonizing with the bark, would 

 readily escape even the closest scrutiny. 

 The presence of the scale on the leaves 

 leads to the destruction of such indi- 

 viduals, for when the leaves drop at 

 the close of the season, the scales in- 

 habiting them are destined to perish. 

 To a very large extent the same can be 

 said of scales locating on fruit. It 

 seems imijrobable that the minute 

 over-wintering individuals on the fruit 

 should be able to derive enough sus- 

 tenance in the spring of the year to 

 complete their development and arrive 

 at sexual maturity. It has been experi- 

 mentally shown that such fruit is not a 

 menace, although for commercial . pur- 

 poses it may have but little value. 



The disease is extremely common in 

 the nursery. Peach and almond root 

 stock are largely used, as the pits are 

 easily and cheai)ly secured and the root 

 is well adapted to the various stone 

 fruits. The amount of the disease 

 varies from year to year, being some- 

 times as great as 75 per cent. The 

 Myrobalan ])lum is also a very popular 

 stock on the Pacific Coast and is freer 

 from gall than the peach or almond. 

 There is no doubt that much of the 

 disease among orchard trees has its 

 origin in the nursery from which it is 

 distributed far and wide over a wide 

 rarige of territory. In California and 

 other states, where there is rigid in- 

 spection of trees and plants, any show- 

 ing these galls are rejected, but often 

 the inspection has already taken place 

 but the trouble is not sulliciently devel- 

 oped to show, and so passes inspection 

 only to develop on the young, grow- 

 ing trees. 



The injurious effects of the disease 

 vary on the diiferent kinds of trees, 

 some readily succumbing to the disease, 

 while others are more resistant and 

 may live and be quite productive for 

 years. Ai)ple trees are ([uite subject to 

 crown gall, especially at the point 

 where they have been bench grafted. 

 Here a gall often develops to consider- 

 able size in addition to the healing 

 callus. The infection enters the injury 

 from the soil. Budded or field grafted 

 trees, although more expensive, are 

 nuich superior for planting, as they are 

 always more free from crown gall. 

 The hard and soft forms of gall in ajjple 

 have a similar cause. The hard form is 

 of slower growth and probably not so 

 injurious. Another form of apple dis- 

 ease supposed to have a similar cause 

 to crown gall is the hairy root disease. 

 This disease is characterized by an 

 increased and abnormal production of 

 fine roots that differ from the normal 

 fibrous ones. These abnormal roots can 

 usually be traced back to an irregular 

 swelling or knot on the root. From 

 these warty knots a rapid-growing, sue- 



BETTER "BABIES" 



We tnought the Baby Caterpillar -was pretty good last year. 

 Got lots of neart-warming testimonials from orcnardists and ranckers 

 in the Nortnw^est. But ■we still kept on figuring kow -we could im- 

 prove tke "Baby for 1915. 



So Tve strengthened up the frame; added the Ben Holt track 

 used on tbe larger Caterpillars; put on a 3-bevel reverse, -witb cut 

 steel gears; enclosed the transmission so it runs in an oil bath; and 

 refined the Baby throughout. We didn t have to make any very 

 big cbange, but just put in a few of the extra licks tbat make a 

 tractor stand up longer, need less repair, and give 365 days service 

 out of a year. 



It isn t as if ■we were a ne'w concern in the tractor game. Holt s 

 been building tractors for twenty years. Take a tractor tnat s 

 ]ust been on the market for a year or so, and its builders have to 

 practically buud a new one each year to meet tbeir last year s cus- 

 tomers" kicks. Caterpillars aren t built that way. Tbey re built 

 rigbt — motor and all — by our own skilled ■workmen ; and tbey ve 

 got ten years in the field behind them. 



But "we can t tell you all the good ne-ws here. AVrite for brand new 

 Bulletin BE 174, and for information on our Tractioneering School opening 



January 18th at Spokane, free to 

 Caterpillar o\vners. 



Reg.US.Pat.Off 

 '^oii'l sat CatcrpiV ar unless you mean Hoi! ! 



THE HOLT MFG. CO. 



f Incorporated) 



Stockton, Cal. Peona, 111. 



Spokane, Wash. 



Consolidated Wagon &e. Machinery Co. 



Salt Lake City, Utah, Sales Agents 



Ridley,Houlding&Co. 



CO VENT GARDEN, LONDON 



Points to remember when consigning 

 apples to the London Market 



1.— We Specialize in Apples 



2.— All Consignments Receive our 

 Personal Attention 



3.-The Fruit is Sold by Private 

 Treaty on its Merits 



CABLE ADDRESS: BOTANIZING, LONDON 



WHEN WRITING .\[IV ERTT SFRS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 



