Page 38 



BETTER FRUIT 



February 



Walnuts Are Dollars 



They are now selling for the highest price ever known and have tripled in value in 

 sixteen years. We sold our first crop of 1200 pounds of grafted Vrooman Franquettes. 

 from our 10-acre 6-year-old orchard, for an average of 25 cents per pound. This grade 

 was 98% of the crop, and we sold the 2% of culls for 15 cents. Do you know that these 

 nuts sold for more apiece than average apples and weighod only one-fifteenth as much? 

 We have trees for sale grown from scions cut from this orchard that have first-clasa 

 roots as well as tops. Do you know that we have a 17-year-old walnut orchard here in 

 the Northwest that netted $500.00 an acre last year? Write for prices or booklet on 

 walnut culture. 



FERD GRONER & McCLURE, Hillsboro, Oregon 



Apples Will Make You Independent 



Many good orchards in Virginia and North Carolina are worth $1000 an acre. You can buy good apple 

 lands for as low as $15 an acre. Secure a few acres and plant in apples. In a few years time you will 

 be rich. The climate here is delightful and living conditions are ideal. Good schools and churches. 

 Short winters. No bli2zard3 or cyclones. Abundant rninfall — average 4 inches monthly in 1013. Write 

 todayfor list of small and large farms that can be boufitit for $10 an acre up on easy terms, also for 

 our illustrated magazine, maps. etc. Prices of good lands are rapidly advancing. Write at once. 

 F» H* LaBaume, Agricultural and Industrial Agent. NORFOLK & WESTERN RAILWAY 

 Room -J-JK . N. & W. Railway Building, ROANOKE, VA, 



tr 



=^ 



Keep the Great Northwest the 

 Land of Perpetual Crops 



The Northwest is noted for its abundant yields. Our 

 land's natural richness in plant food is agricultural his- 

 tory. Vet, once upon a time New England was noted for its 

 record fruit shipments. Now it is known for its worn-out lands. 

 Farms now covered with "For Sale" signs mark the penalty of taking away the 

 land's abihty to produce. 



The land is the great Northwest's backbone. Take away its strength, and its func- 

 tions will soon become paralyzed — weakened— worn-out— "New Englandized." 



Beaver Brand Animal Fertilizers 



"a fertilizer for every soil" 



are MADE and SOLD by us. Essentially a Northwest product— a product of 

 our packing house-the PIONEER animal fertilizer plant of the Northwest. 

 Made in the process of killing cattle — Northwest cattle— cattle fed on North- 

 west crops. 



Beaver Brand Animal Fertilizers 



revive strength— give new life— enable the next crop to feed upon the susten- 

 ance necessary for a good harvest. Avoid the worn-out land danger! Insure 

 against poor crops— increase your land's producing ability by ordering this 

 famous fertilizer NOV\^ 



Fertilizer booklet F-37 Free. Tells about fertilizers, their application and results 

 they produce. • 



Union Meat Company 



North Portland. Ore. 



culent root develop.s that by an intricate 

 branching develops into a great mass of 

 fine roots. Sometimes there is a broom- 

 like formation of fine roots that occurs 

 at the end of a side root that otherwise 

 seems to be healthy. In general, the 

 hairy roots are more fleshy and numer- 

 ous than normal roofs. Some stages of 

 the disease are not accompanied by 

 typical galls on the root.s, but have 

 .small enlargements of the tissue at the 

 base of the clustered hairy roots. While 

 this form of gall differs manifestly from 

 the other one described, yet it has been 

 found to be caused by a bacterial 

 organism closely allied to if not identi- 

 cal with the one causing the spherical 

 galls. There is some difference of 

 opinion as to the seriousness of crown 

 gall on apple, some authorities claiming 

 it does not injure the bearing proper- 

 ties, while others claim it makes a 

 stunted and short-lived tree. 



Pears are occasionally diseased with 

 crown gall, and the pear stock in com- 

 mon use, Prunus communis, as well as 

 the varieties so far tested, readily take 

 to the disease. Not much is known as 

 to how common or serious the disease 

 is in pears. 



Cherry stock is somewhat more re- 

 sistant than peach or roots of the other 

 stone fruits. The Mazzard and Mahaleb 

 roots when tested can be infected, yet 

 the former variety shows consideralile 

 resistance. The disease only rarely 

 causes serious trouble in the cherry 

 orchards, although a few cases have 

 been observed where the disease was 

 especially virulent. 



Plums, peaches, almonds and apricots 

 are often severely diseased. Different 

 varieties of peaches, Muir, Salway and 

 Lovell, have been artificially infected 

 with gall, as well as the different varie- 

 ties of almond that are used as root- 

 stocks. Much more resistance is shown 

 among plums, especially those of the 

 German prune and Damson, while the 

 Myrobalan, which is a popular root- 

 stock, is more readily infected. Orchards 

 of peach and almond often show a high 

 percentage of diseased trees, and there 

 is little chance of a badly infected tree 

 outgrowing the disease. 



The English walnut is susceptible to 

 the disease when on English roots, as 

 much as 50 per cent of nursery trees 

 being sometimes affected. Galls are not 

 so often found on the black root, Jug- 

 lans californica, which is now used as 

 a rootsfock for the grafted varieties of 

 English walnut. The disease on the 

 walnut first causes a gall formation, 

 which later decays and leaves the tree 

 with the appearance of being eaten off 

 at or below the surface of the ground. 

 Black walnuts and English walnuts 

 have been artificially inoculated. 



The pecan has been found having the 

 crown gall and has been artificially 

 inoculated from pure cultures. Just 

 how serious the disease may be in the 

 pecan is not known, as the tree is not 

 conmicrcially grown in California. 



Quinces as grown in California have 

 an aerial form of the gall called black 

 knot. This has been proven by Dr. 

 Erwin F. Smith to be caused by a 



