1915 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 41 



The San Jose Scale Insect, Etc, 



Continued from last issue 



The San Jose scale differs from other 

 scale insects in being many-brooded 

 during the summer. Other scales ■with 

 which it would be confused have but 

 a single generation each year. In the 

 Northwest a common scale insect is the 

 oyster-shell bark louse. This long and 

 narrow insect, several times larger 

 than the San .lose scale, over-winters 

 in the egg condition to hatch in early 

 summer. The oyster-shell scale is 

 mainly abundant in Western Washing- 

 ton and in those orchards of Eastern 

 Wasliington at an elevation above 

 1,800 feet. Cottonwood trees are often 

 afflicted with a scale known as Aspidi- 

 otus ancylus, which is almost indis- 

 tinguishable from the San Jose scale. 

 Oranges are sometimes received in- 

 fested with another similar scale 

 known as Aspidiotus aurantii, but as 

 the scales of the citrus fruits cannot 

 thrive on the deciduous fruits of the 

 North, they need not be a cause for 

 alarm. 



Fortunately the San Jose scale can be 

 quite easily controlled. It readily suc- 

 cumbs to applications either of oil 

 sprays or of sulphur-lime. Normally, 

 a great many individuals die through 

 the agency of internal parasites or of 

 such carniverous insects as the Lady 

 Bird beetles; some die of inclement 

 weather or through inability to obtain 

 a foothold when first born; many die 

 from the poison they themselves de- 

 velo|) in their food plant; but such 

 deaths can be considered in no wise as 

 reducing the danger from this pest. 

 Summer spraying has never proved 

 adequate, for a spray strong enough to 

 destroy the old, heavy-shelled females 

 will injure the foliage. During the dor- 

 mant season trees will withstand a rela- 

 tively strong application of spray, and 

 for this reason, as well as for the fact 

 that most of the individuals to be de- 

 stroyed are the scarcely protected 

 young, winter spraying has come into 

 general custom. Since the insects 

 occur so largely at the ends of branches 

 and hide beneath bud scales, or even 

 within the shell scale of their parents, 

 it becomes necessary to drive the spray 

 with force over every side of every 

 limb, following the branches from the 

 tips toward the trunk. The spraying 

 should be done from a raised platform, 

 using none but the Bordeaux type of 

 nozzle attached to a crook-joint to 

 direct the spray into the tree. For 

 small trees the Bordeaux nozzle may 

 be partly closeil to avoid waste of the 

 spray, but the solid, tlat, driving stream 

 from this kind of nozzle is essential 

 for thoroughness. To quicken the ap- 

 plication as well as to assure the pene- 

 tration necessary for good results, a 

 high pressure should obviously be 

 maintained. Spraying should not be 

 done in mid-winter, when the scales 

 are frozen, nor should it be timed loo 

 late. After the buds have swollen it is 

 nnich more dillicult to force spray 

 beneath them, and, moreover, it seems 

 that when the scale insect has awak- 



One Season's Work Repays You 



AMONG your fruit-raising problems, if you are 

 a really painstaking grower, seeking to gain 

 j-our just profits at shipping, time, is the spraying prob- 

 lem. Many a veteran fruit grower and truck gardener 

 will assure j-ou that you are not yet doing your best against the in- 

 sect and fungous pests if you are not using 



An I H C Spraying Outfit 



This is because in all International Harvester spraying equipment 

 you find tlie Titan engine — a long livt-d, most satisfactory engine; 

 and thoroughly well built pumps, completely brass titled and made 

 for high pressure spray work, 



I H C outfits are made for small and for large orchards, in several 

 types — on skids, on portable truck, and complete with tank. You 

 can detach the engine easily for any power work. 



Let us direct you to tlie nearest I H C dealer who sells these out- 

 fits. Send fur our interesting catalogue. 



International Harvester Company of America 



(incorporated) 

 Crawford, Neb. Denver. Col. Helena, Mont. Portland, Ore. 

 San Francisco. Cal. Spokane, Wash. Salt Lake City, Utah 



Arcadia Irrigated Orchards 



THE LARGEST AND MOST SUCCESSFUL ORCHARD PROJECT 

 IN THE ENTIRE WEST 



7,000 acres planted to winter apples. Gravity 

 irrigation. Located 22 miles north of Spokane, 

 Washington, directly on the railroad. We plant 

 and give four years' care to every orchard tract 

 sold. $125, first payment, secures 5 acres: $250, 

 first payment, secures 10 acres ; balance monthly. 



SEND FOR BOOKLET 



Arcadia Orchards Company 



Deer Park, Washington 



WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 



