Paoe 10 



BETTER FRUIT 



June 



k 



LET US MAKE YOUR 



fruit Case Labels 



Best Work — Cheapest Prices 

 THE SIMPSON & DOELLER CO. 



E. SHELLEY MORGAN, Northwestern Manager 



Northwestern Bank BIdg.. PORTLAND. ORE. 



'^ 



Control of the Tent Caterpillar 



THE conspicuous, unsightly nests or 

 tents of the apple-tree tent cater- 

 pillar are familiar objects in the spring 

 in trees along roadways, streams and 

 fences, in neglected orchards and else- 

 where. These gregarious caterpillars 

 construct the tents for their protection, 

 and these, at first small, are gradually 

 enlarged often to a foot or more in 

 height and diameter, the size varying 

 with the number of individuals in the 

 colony. The caterpillars feed upon the 

 foliage of the trees, stripping the leaves 

 from the limbs adjacent to the nest, 

 and if there be several colonies in a 

 tree, as is frequently the case during 

 periods of abundance, the foliage 

 may be quite destroyed, leaving the 

 branches as bare as in midwinter. 

 Species of the lent caterpillar are found 

 quite generally over the entire United 

 States. The moths deposit their eggs 

 by early midsummer, or earlier in the 

 South. By fall the embryonic larvte 

 is practically full grown within the 

 egg, where it remains until the follow- 

 ing spring. With the coming of a 

 warm spell the larvae escape by gnaw- 

 ing through their egg-shells, often be- 

 fore there is foliage out for food, and 

 under these circumstances they may 

 feed upon the glutinous covering of the 

 egg mass. 



The tent caterpillar feeds principally 

 on wild cherry and apple trees, but will 

 attack many other plants, and where 

 such trees can be removed without dis- 

 advantage this should be done, thus 

 lessening its food supply. During the 

 dormant period of trees, when the 

 leaves are off, the egg masses are fairly 

 conspicuous, and with a little practice 

 may be readily found; it is then that 

 they should be cut off and burned. 

 Trees infested with larvae during the 

 early part of the year, or those in the 

 immediate vicinity, are perhaps more 

 lilvely to be chosen by the parent moth 

 for the deposition of her eggs, and 

 such trees at least should be searched 

 if it is not practicable to extend the 

 work to the orchard as a whole. This 

 work may be combined with pruning 

 to good advantage, and a lookout 

 should be kept not only for the eggs 

 of this insect but for the eggs and 



cocoons of other injurious species 

 which pass the winter on the trees. 

 When two egg masses are deposited 

 close together, the resulting caterpil- 

 lars may form a common nest. These 

 nests are gradually enlarged and soon 

 furnish ample protection. If the cater- 

 pillars are destroyed as soon as the 

 small nests are detected, this will pre- 

 vent further defoliation of the trees, 

 and the rule should be adopted to de- 

 stroy them promptly as soon as discov- 

 ered. In this work either of two prac- 

 tices may be adopted, namely, destruc- 

 tion by hand or with a torch. WTien in 

 convenient reach, the nests may be torn 

 out with a brush, with gloved hand or 

 otherwise, and the larvae crushed on 

 the ground, care being taken to destroy 

 any caterpillars which may have re- 

 mained on the tree. The use of a torch 

 to burn out the nests will often be 

 found convenient, especially when the 

 nests are located in the higher parts 

 of the tree. An asbestos torch, such 

 as is advertised by seedsmen, will 

 be satisfactory, or one may be made 

 simply by tying rags to the end of a 

 pole. The asbestos or rags are sat- 

 urated with kerosene and lighted and 

 the caterpillars as far as possible cre- 

 mated. Some caterpillars, however, are 

 likely to escape, falling from the nest 

 upon the application of the torch. In 

 using the torch great care is necessary 

 that no important injury be done the 

 tree; it should not be used in burning 

 out nests except in the smaller branches 

 and twigs, the killing of which would 

 be of no special importance. Nests in 

 the larger limbs should be destroyed 

 by hand, as the use of the torch may 

 kill the bark, resulting in permanent 

 injury. 



Tent caterpillars are readily de- 

 stroyed by arsenicals sprayed on the 

 foliage of trees infested by them. Any 

 of the arsenical insecticides may be 

 used, as paris green, Scheeles green, 

 arsenate of lead, etc. The first two are 

 used at the rate of half pound to fifty 

 gallons of water. Milk of lime, from 

 two to three pounds of stone lime 

 should be added to neutralize any 

 caustic effect of the arsenical on the 

 foliage. Arsenate of lead is used at the 



rate of two pounds to eacli fifty gal- 

 lons of water. Even in the small home 

 orchard of a dozen or more trees it 

 will be found highly profitable to 

 adopt a system of spraying which will 

 control not only tent caterpillars but 

 such serious pests as the codling moth, 

 cankerworms, various bud and leaf- 

 feeding insects, and which will greatly 

 reduce injury from the curculio. On 

 stone fruits, such as cherry, peach and 

 plum, arsenicals are likely to cause in- 

 jury to foliage and must be used with 

 caution if at all. On such trees the 

 arsenate of lead is preferable, as it is 

 less injurious to foliage, and on all trees 

 sticks much better. In spraying for 

 the tent caterpillar only, applications 

 should be made while the caterpillars 

 are yet small, as these succumb more 

 quickly to poisons than those more 

 nearly full .grown, and prompt treat- 

 ment stops further defoliation of the 

 trees. 



A Model Cannery 



One of the most interesting of all 

 practical exhibits in the Palace of Hor- 

 ticulture at the Panama-Pacific Inter- 

 national Exposition is the operation of 

 the model cannery under the direction 

 of Dr. A. W. Bitting, food technologist, 

 and Mrs. A. W. Bitting, bacteriologist, 

 both of Washington, D. C, and repre- 

 senting the National Canners' Associ- 

 ation. The exhibit is impersonal in 

 that no brands are represented, the 

 exhibit being designed rather to in- 

 struct the public in the methods em- 

 ployed by all up-to-date canneries 

 in preparing and packing foods for 

 preservation. The exhibit demonstrates 

 every process entailed in the canning 

 of fruits, vegetables, fish and soups, 

 and every detail is shown from the 

 washing of the raw commodity to the 

 ultimate packing of the can. 



Here the visitor will see, being pre- 

 pared for canning, fish far fresher than 

 ordinarily found in the markets. The 

 washing is done by a special apparatus 

 between sprays of water exerting a 

 pressure of one hundred pounds to the 

 square inch. From the washing appli- 

 ance the raw material goes to the 

 preparation table or machine under the 

 constant cleansing play of fresh run- 

 ning water. Syrups, brine or other 

 additions are made in every case by 

 machinerv. From first to last human 



'^ SAVE YOUR APPLES 



With A Monarch Hydr;iulic Cider Pr.-; 

 you can turn your cullsinto good selling 

 cxicr. You c;in nlso do custom pressing 

 for your in-iglibors. Our improved 

 tiigii pressure construclion eets nil 

 the juice froiu the apples with min- 

 imum power. All sizes of ^ 

 Presses, from 15 to 400 barrela 

 ;i day. A Bnisi II investment "If 

 Will start you in a profitiible '^ 

 business. Aslt for free, 60 page Press 



Catalocue de^cribine nor llilo Outtila. 



A B. rARQUHAR CO , Ltd., Box 106. Yort, Pa".^' 



REMOVAL NOTICE 



We have niuvetl t>iir eiffices tu ullr t'lil l».cutit'ii over the 

 Citizens Bank n--2 i-- Orantt Avenue) RoomBG antl 7. 

 Write now IVir prices on advance orders for 



Oregon Champion Gooseberry 



Perfection Currant and 



Coast Grown Mazzard Cherry Seedlings 



PORTLAND WHOLESALE NUKSERY CO. 



Rooms 6 & 7. 122' » Grand Ave. Portland. Oregon 



