HIGHLIGHTS OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN THE NEW WORLD 241 



pher, Coronel (later General) Rondon (Chefe da Commissao Brasileira). 

 Hoehne accompanied the well-known expedition of which Theodore Roosevelt 

 and his party were members, called by the courtesy of the Brazilian govern- 

 ment the Roosevelt-Rondon Expedition. More recently (1940-1955) his bo- 

 tanical efforts have been directed toward the editing and writing of the Flora 

 Brasilka, his own contribution being chiefly the completion of the treatment 

 of the family of his greatest interest, the Orchidaceae. 



During recent years, Belo Horizonte in Minas Gerais has become the 

 center of considerable botanical field activity. A. Macedo, independent col- 

 lector, has distributed extensive series of exsiccatae. 



In the state of Santa Catarina, Padre P. Paulino Reitz, director of the 

 Herbario Barbosa Rodrigues at Itajai, with his colleague Padre Balduino 

 Rambo, has undertaken the preparation of a flora for Santa Catarina. Exten- 

 sive field investigation has gone into the undertaking. Assistance of numerous 

 collaborators has been invited, chiefly of Lyman B. Smith of the U.S. National 

 Herbarium, who at this writing is in the field in southern Brazil. 



In 1928-1929, Smith visited classic localities in the vicinity of Rio de 

 Janeiro to obtain topotypes and to effect general collecting. His field efforts 

 were made chiefly in Niteroi, Teresopolis, Petropolis, and Mount Itatiaia in 

 Rio de Janeiro state; the Federal District; and Sao Paulo, Alto da Serra, 

 and Santos in Sao Paulo state. The original set is at Gray Herbarium. In 

 1952 he visited the coastal slope of Santa Catarina and adjacent Parana 

 and Rio Grande do Sul. The original set is at Washington. 



Contemporary exploration of large scale, as in the past, more often is moti- 

 vated by multiple interest. Its execution is generally accomplished by the col- 

 laboration of several individuals and institutions. Its costly support of neces- 

 sity must be sustained by government, industrial organizations, larger insti- 

 tutions, and interested friends of substance. Its accomplishments are usually 

 diversified and manifold. The work of five such large-scale operations of cur- 

 rent interest and activity, already referred to in the preceding pages, is ampli- 

 fied to some extent in the following paragraphs. Attention has earlier been 

 called to comparable projects that have recently been completed or are at 

 this time under way in the study of boreal and temperate American botany. 



The U.S. National Herbarium Andean Program. Over a period of 

 twelve years, an effective collaborative program for exploration in the vast 

 flora of Andean South America was carried on by the Smithsonian Institution, 

 The New York Botanical Garden, and Harvard University. The program was 

 initiated in 1917 by the trip to Colombia of F. W. Pennell and H. H. Rusby, 

 both then associated with the staff of The New York Botanical Garden. The 

 second expedition was conducted by Pennell, Killip, and Hazen in 1922. The 

 third and culminating expedition to Colombia under the collaborative program 

 was conducted by E. P. Killip of the Smithsonian and A. C. Smith of New 

 York, who were in that country from October, 1926, to April, 1927. In 1929 



