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the bones of fossil animals. Eminent as an administrator, it is as a 

 naturalist that his memory is and will be preserved. 



Linnaeus also devised a simple system of naming the objects of 

 Natural History, by the use of a common scientific language. Each 

 name was to consist of two parts, one to name the whole genus, the 

 other to distinguish the species. Both he and Cuvier showed great 

 skill in the selection of simple, significant names. 



The astronomical theories of Kant and La Place, of the develop- 

 ment of the solar system from a gaseous condition to its present form, 

 re-acted at once on men's ideas, evolving the notion of spontaneous de- 

 velopment in all nature, which idea, although held by the Greeks, was 

 now to be considered under the light and knowledge of the facts gained 

 during the past three centuries. Such men as Cuvier and Agassiz 

 caused to spring up the science of Geology. Ly ell explained the history 

 of the earth's crust by the slow development of still existing forces. 



To Darwin must be accredited the work of having abolished mys- 

 ticism from the science of life, and of raising Zoology to be a science 

 which seeks to explain all its phenomena by the application of the laws 

 of physics and chemistry. From his life-work, one gleans that his 

 theory of organic evolution has been based on actual mechanical force 

 and demonstrable fact. He used the knowledge of the unscientific (the 

 farmer and the fancier), who for centuries for practical purposes had 

 used many biological laws. This he formulated as the laws of varia- 

 tion and heredity, and originated thremmatology. He also clearly pro- 

 pounded the theory of the survival of the fittest by showing that 

 numbers are limited by the food supply, and in the struggle for this, 

 a necessai-y selection is enforced. He also deduced the following : — 

 That every organ, part, color and peculiarity of any organism, must either 

 be of benefit to its possessor or have been useful to its ancestors. 

 And finally he brought the simplest living matter known as protoplasm 

 before the mental vision as the starting point from which all highest 

 forms have been evolved. This principle is generally known to most 

 people Only in its sarcastic application to man's descent from the ape. 



After paying the tribute of honor by naming Von Baer, Milne- 

 Edwards, Leuckart, Hseckel, Wallace, Von Haller, Audubon, Daw- 

 son, Wilson, Huxley, Tyndall and Muller, all bright stars in the 



