Brock, 1938 (Washington). C.odsil and Byers, 

 1944: 88-102 (anatomy; E. Pacific), figs. 48-58. 

 Tinker, 1944: 151 (Hawaii), pi. 1, fig. 8. Brock, 

 1949: 276 (key to Hawaiian tunas). Fraser- 

 Brunner, 1950: 142-143 (synonymy in part), fig. 

 4. Godsil and Holmherg, 1950 (anatomy; Cali- 

 fornia). June, 1952a (Hawaii). Buen, 1953 

 (Chile; but might be T. maccoyii). Iwai and 

 Nakamura, 1964: 6, figs. 3C, D (olfactory ro- 

 settes). Iwai et al., 1965: 3, 6-8 (synonymy), 

 31-33 (description), fig. 16. Nakamura, 1965: 

 17-18, figs. 3B, 5B, 6 (osteology). Nakamura 

 and Warashina, 1965: 9-10 (E. Indian and SE. 

 Pacific oceans). Nakamura and Kikawa, 19(')6 

 (infracentral grooves). 



Orcynus thynnus, Kitahara, 1897: 1 (description; 

 Japan), pi. 1, fig. 1. 



Thvnmis schlegelii, Jordan and Snyder, 1900: 352 

 (Tokyo). Jordan and Snyder, 1901: 64 (Yoko- 

 hama). 



Thvnnus oricninlis, Kishinouye, 1915: 17 (descrip- 

 tion, anatomy; Japan), pi. 1, fig. 9. Kishinouye, 

 1923: 437-442 (anatomy; Japan), figs. 3, 21, 43, 

 44, 50. Jordan and Hubbs, 1925: 216-217 

 (Japan). Jordan and Evermann, 1926: 14 (de- 

 scription). Tinker, 1944: 157-158 (Hawaii). 

 Brock, 1949: 276 (key to Hawaiian tvmas). Gos- 

 line and Brock, 1960: 259 (description; Hawaii), 

 336 (synonymy), fig. 257h. Yamanaka et al., 

 1963 (biology; Japan). 



Thunnus aaliens Jordan and Evermann, 1926: 10-11 

 (original description; California), pis. 1-2, figs. 

 1-3. Jordan et al, 1930: 259. Gin.sburg, 1953: 

 3 (saliens recognized as American Pacific species 

 of bluefin). Neave, 1959 (N. end Vancouver Is.). 

 Bell, 1963 (biology; E. Pacific). 



Thunnus Ihynnus oricntalis, Serventy, 1956a: 11- 

 13 (the subspecies found along Asiatic coast of N. 

 Pacific). 



Thunnus thynrms saliens, Serventy, 1956a: 11-13 

 (the subspecies found along Pacific coast of N. 

 America). Buen, 1958: 24-25 (Chile; but might 

 be T. maccoyii). 



Types of Nominal Species 



Thynnus oricnlalis Temminck and Schlegel, 1844. 

 Holotype RMNH 794, 450 mm. fork length, a 

 movmted si)ecimen from .Japan with a pectoral fin 

 18.4 percent of fork length. 



Orcynus schlegelii Steindachner, 1884. Holotype 

 (not seen by us) presumably in Vienna Museum, 360 



mm. fork length. The pectoral of barely more than 

 half the head length and the locality (Japan) enable 

 referral of this nominal species to the synonymy of 

 T. thynnus oricnlalis (Temminck and Schlegel, 1844). 

 Thunnus saliens Jordan and Evermann, 1926. 

 Type originally designated as "Xo. 595, Mus. Calif. 

 Acad. Sci., a photograph of a specimen weighing 

 I57I2 pounds taken ... off Catalina, California." 

 The i)hotograph is clearly of a tuna with short pec- 

 toral fins; Jordan and I^vermann (1926) recorded the 

 fin length as 53^ (p. 9) or 5 (p. 10) in (standard) 

 length, or about 20 percent. The locality allows 

 referral to the synonymy of T. thy)inus oricnlalis. 



Characters 



Pectoral fin short, not more than 80 percent of 

 head length, less than 23 percent of fork length, 

 slightly shorter than in T. maccoyii at a given size 

 (fig. 33), overlapped by T. longgol. 



Gill rakers 34-43 in T. I. thynnus, 32-40 in T. t. 

 oricnlalis, more numerous than in any other species 

 of Thunnus except T. maccoyii. 



Figure .33.— Relative length of pectoral fin in Thunnus 

 thynnus (dots) ami T. maccoyii (open circles). 



Liver with striations on ventral surface, its three 

 lobes subequal in length, and with va.scular cones on 

 its dorsal side (as in T. alalunga, T. obcsus, and T. 

 maccoyii). Spleen located on right side, stomach on 

 left (as in all except T. alalunga). Kidney with a 

 very short tail, reaching to level of vertebra 8-11 

 (as in T. maccoyii). 



Cutaneous arteries originating at level of vertebra 

 3-6 (usually 4 or 5), passing laterally between ribs 

 3 and 4 (occasionally 2 and 3) and dividing between 

 intermuscular bones 4 and 5 or 5 and 6 (as in T. 

 alalunga and T. maccoyii). Two rows of arterioles 

 and venules arising from each main lateral cutaneous 

 branch (as in T. obcsus and T. maccoyii). Post- 



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