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and others, is of frequent occurrence in Canada, distributed through 

 the Laurentian rocks in crystals and lamellar pieces, as well as con- 

 stituting veins and bedded masses of some magnitude. Garnet, how- 

 ever, as a mineral, is one thing, and Garnet, as a gem, is another. 

 Many persons are, perhaps, not aware that this mineral, owing to its 

 various colours, is often made to represent such minerals as the Ruby, 

 Topaz, Chrysolite, Amethyst, or, in fart, any gem that its shade of 

 colour happens to imitate. This imposition is generally confined to 

 closed settings. Independent of the several gems it may be said to 

 represent, it is itself known under various names in the trade according 

 to its colour. 



The brownish-red variety known as Almandine is found at several 

 places in Canada, and will at times afford gems. On the river Rouge 

 this mineral occurs in a highly feldspathic rock, in light pinkish-red 

 cleavable masses or imperfect crystals. At Bay St. Paul it occurs of a 

 good colour in mica schist, and in the neighbourhood of Ottawa the 

 red Garnet that is frequently met with in the gneissic rocks probably 

 belongs to this variety. This is the Syrian, also the Oriental or 

 Precious Garnet of the jewellers. 



The blood-red Pyrope, Bohemian or Ceylonese Garnet, has not 

 yet been, to my knowledge, found in Canada. 



The variety Essonite, or Cinnamon Stone, and at one time called 

 Hyacinth, occurs in the Township of Wakefield of a yellowish and 

 brownish-red colour, from which small gems might be cut. This 

 mineral is mentioned in the Geology of Canada as occurring in the 

 Township of Orford, but is not of gem quality. Another lime Garnet, 

 in well-defined crystals, occurs in limestone in the Township of Wake- 

 field, the crystals of which are sometimes two to three inches across, 

 and vary in colour from colourless through various shades of yellow 

 and green, pieces of which, perfectly tree from cleavage joints, will 

 often cut into two carat stones, which are exceedingly brilliant, and 

 might often be mistaken for the Topaz or Chrysolite. 



The variety known as Spessartite, a manganesian Garnet, occurs 

 in Muscovite, in flattened brownish-red transparent crystals, in the 

 Township of Villeneuve, and may yet possibly contribute a handsome 

 gem. 



