1880.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 161 



tlian the lower one, the Orang agreeing nearly in this respect with the 

 Gorilla' which 1 dissected, the difference in the extremities in that 

 animal being Sj inches, whereas in the Chimpanzee- I found only 

 a difference of If inches. The foot in the Orang, however, was 

 i inch larger than the hand, whereas in the Gorilla the hand Avas • 

 ^ inch larger than the foot ; in the Chimpanzee the difference in 

 this respect was f inch in favor of the foot. The foot in the Orang, 

 however, resembled superficially a hand much more than it does 

 in the Gorilla. Indeed the distinctness of hand and foot super- 

 ficiall}^ is more marked in the Gorilla than in the other anthro- 

 poids. I found the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic viscerae per- 

 fectly healthy. The animal seemed to have died from congestion 

 of the brain ; there was also some cerebritis. As the osteology 

 of the Orang has been thoroughl}^ described by Prof. Owen^ and 

 others it will not be worth while for me to dwell on that part of 

 its organization. I will pass therefore to the muscular system, 

 and more particularly to that of the extremities, as being the 

 most interesting as compared with man. 



Muscular Systems — In Prof. Bischoff 's* paper on the Gorilla an 

 excellent figure is given of the muscles of the face of the Orang, 

 from a preparation by Rudinger. These muscles were described 

 by Prof. Owen,-^ but not figured. The same facial muscles are 

 found in man and the Orang with the exception that there is but 

 one zygomaticus possibly corresponding to the zygomaticus minor 

 of man, though on account of its size it may represent both the 

 z3'gomaticus major and minor. The facial muscles in the Orang 

 are not as well differentiated as in man, rather hanging together. I 

 noticed that the digastricus had only the posterior head. There 

 was nothing peculiar, however, about the sterno cleido mastoid, 

 omohyoid, or the scaleni. The omocervicalis or elevator claviculte 

 passed from the transverse process of the atlas to the acromial 

 end of the clavicle, as I found it in the Chimpanzee and in the 

 Gorilla. The pectoralis major arose in three portions : the first, 

 from sternum and first intercostal space ; the second, from sternal 

 part of thiixl, fourth, fifth, and sixth ribs, and the third from costal 



' Proc. of Acad, of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia, 1878. 

 - Proc. of Acad, of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia, 1879. 

 =* Trans, of Zool. Society, 1835. 

 * Beitrage, Munich Abhand., 1879. 

 » Proc. of Zool. Society, i, 1830, p. 28. 



