1880. J NAT ORAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 16t 



the Ascaris lumhricoides, and one in the large, and in the coecum 

 a Trichocephalus dispar. I believe this is the first time these 

 entozoa have been found in the same anthropoid. According to 

 Diesingi the Ti'ichocephahis is found in the Orang, and Cobbold- 

 states that Murie sent him aa Ascaris from the Chimpanzee. 



Respiratory System. — In the Orang, as in the Gorilla and Chim- 

 panzee, particularly in the males, the ventricles of the larj^nx are 

 prolonged into the so-called laryngeal pouches. In 3' oung speci- 

 mens of the anthropoids, these pouches, though not so well devel- 

 oped as in the adults, can usually, however, be perfectly identified. 

 In dissecting m3^ Orang, after removing the skin in the cervical 

 region, I noticed what appeared to me to be the laryngeal pouches, 

 and by passing a tube into one of the ventricles of the larj-nx, the 

 pouch of that side could be readily inflated. On tracing, however, 

 the anterior wall of the pouch dowuiward, I noticed that it was 

 attached to the front of the sternum and clavicle, and on opening 

 the pouch and following its posterior wall, I found it attached to 

 the back of the sternum and first rib. Thus the interior of the 

 jDouch corresponded with the space between the two laj^ers of the 

 cervical fascia in man, usually filled with fat and absorbent glands, 

 but in the Orang it is empty and communicating with the interior 

 of the larynx. The pouch was not lined with mucous membrane, 

 resembling the remaining fascia, which was indeed continuous with 

 it. Supposing that mj" dissection really- represented the true rela- 

 tion of these parts, then, morphologically- speaking, the larj'ngeal 

 pouch in the anthropoids would be homologous with and replace 

 the two laj-ers of the cervical fascia in man, so familiar to the 

 surgeon. There was nothing especially noticeable about the vocal 

 cords, epiglottis or trachea. The lungs (PL 13, fig. 2), however, 

 were not divided into lobes as in the Gorilla and Chimpanzee. 



Vascular System. — I did not notice about the heart anything 

 especially different from the human. In reference to the origin 

 of the vessels, however, the innominate gave off" the left carotid 

 and continuing an eighth of an inch then divided into the right 

 carotid and right subclavian, the left subclavian coming oflT sepa- 

 rately from the aorta (PI. 13, fig. 2). In the Gorilla and male 

 Chimpanzee I found the disposition of these vessels the same as 

 in man, which is the case in the Orang, according to Sandifort. In 

 the female Chimpanzee there were two innominates, a long and a 



^ Helm., vol. ii, p. 534. 2 Entozoa, p. 291. 



