1'72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1880- 



not see a trace of the emmenentia collateralis ; this is often, 

 however, absent in man. 



The cerebellum in my Orang was relatively larger than that of 

 man, but smaller than that of either the Chimpanzees I have dis- 

 sected, and was just covered and no more by the posterior lobes 

 of the cerebrum. This relation is still retained in my Orang, 

 though the brain has been lying in alcohol for three months since 

 it was taken out of the chloride of zinc in which it was placed 

 until the pia mater could be removed. During this period it has 

 been subject to the conditions, such as the want of the support of 

 the membranes, the eftect of pressure, etc., urged by Gratiolet, 

 Huxley, Rolleston, Marshall, etc., as sufficient to explain why 

 after death the cerebellum was uncovered by the cerebrum in the 

 Orang and Chim[)anzee, as held by Owen, Schroeder van der 

 Kolk and Vrolik, and BischotT. Every anatomist knows that 

 the brain after removal from the skull, especiall}' without the 

 membrane, if left to itself, very soon loses its shape. It is abso- 

 lutely necessary therefore to examine the brain in situ, and after 

 removal from skull to place it in some hardening fluid in which it 

 will float. Even with these precautions, through the change of 

 the surroundings, shrinkage, etc., the brain is alwa3's somewhat 

 altered. It happens, however, that I have had lying in alcohol 

 for some 3'ears a number of human and monkey brains. Among 

 the latter, examples of the genera Gebus^ Ateles^ Mavacus, Cyno- 

 cephalus, Cercopithecus, etc., taken out of the skull suflBciently 

 carefully, but preserved in the rudest manner Avithout any 

 regard to the above precautions. Now, while all of these brains 

 have somewhat lost their natural contour, the^' are not so changed 

 that in a single one, human or monkey, do I find the cerebellum 

 uncovered by the cerebrum, and in every instance the posterior 

 lobes overlap the cerebellum to a greater extent than I find is the 

 ease in my Orang. If the cerebrum and cerebellum in the Orang 

 and Chimpanzee invariably bear the same proportion to each 

 other as they do in man and the monkeys, why should not the 

 brain of an Orang or Chimpanzee, after lying in alcohol for some 

 years, exhibit the cerebellum covered l)y the cerebrum as in them? 

 Why sliould it be necessary to replace the brain of the Chimpan- 

 zee or the Orang in the skull, to make plaster casts, etc., if there 

 is no difference between their brains and those of man and the 



