174: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP [1880. 



pons or medulla, except that in the latter the olivary bodies are 

 not as distinct as in man. As regards the peripheral nervous 

 system it was essentially the same as the human. As the brain of the 

 Orang which I have just endeavored to describe is the property 

 of the Academy, the animal having been bought and presented by 

 Mr. Wm. S. Yaux, and as it was desirable to preserve it in its 

 present condition, I could not make use of it to examine the 

 structure minutely. I would refer those interested in the his- 

 tology of the anthropoid brain, to Dr. Spitzka's paper.^ 



What can be inferred from the general oi-ganization of the 

 Orang as to its relation to the other primates ? The Orang like 

 man has twelve ribs, whereas the Gorilla and Chimpanzee have 

 thirteen ; on the other hand the carpal and tarsal bones are nine 

 in number in the Orang, while the Chimpanzee and Gorilla agree 

 with man in having eight. The upper extremity of the Orang 

 resembles that of the Gorilla in the absence of the flexor longus 

 pollicis. The Chimpanzee and man are alike in this respect, at 

 least the slip from the flexor longus digitorum in the former is 

 functionally a flexor longus. In the absence of a flexor longus 

 hallucis, and in the presence of an opponens hallucis, the Orang 

 difl'ers from man, the anthropoids and all the monkeys. The great 

 blood-vessels arise from the arch of aorta in the Gorilla and 

 man in the same way ; the same disposition is usually seen in the 

 Chimpanzee, rarely in the Orang. The lungs in the Orang are 

 not divided into lobes as in the Gorilla, Chimpanzee and man. 

 The stomach in the Gorilla and Chimpanzee is human in its 

 form ; in the Orang, however, it is quite different. The peri- 

 toneum in the Gorilla, Chimpanzee and Orang is like that of man ; 

 in the lower monkevs it is diff"erent. The brain of the Orang- in 

 its globular form, in the cerebellum being usually covered by the 

 cerebrum, and in the development of the first occipital gyrus, 

 resembles man more than that of the Gorilla and Chimpanzee. 

 On the other hand, the frontal and temporal lobes in the Orang 

 are not as much convoluted as in the Chimpanzee, and still less 

 than in man, and the island of Reil is not convoluted at all, at 

 least in my Orang. 



It will be seen from the above illustrations, of which many 

 others might be given, that the Gorilla and man, in some respects, 

 agree with and differ from the Chimpanzee and Orang ; while 



1 Op. cit. 



