62 G. V. HAMILTON 



her experience with ninety-four previous trials she had found 

 Door 3 unlocked twenty-three times, Door 2 twenty-four times, 

 Door I twenty-four times and Door 4 twenty-three times. It 

 seems that no elements in these experiences were sufficient to 

 awaken an impulse to try Door 3 after she had given definite 

 expression to the first impulses to try Doors 4, i and 2 ; and 

 that these latter impulses continued to reassert themselves as 

 a connected whole until a break in the fourth cycle of activities 

 led her to try Door 3 instead of Door 4. 



Sub-type c. The subject, having avoided a given exit door dur- 

 ing a trial, continues to avoid it while the other doors are tried 

 at least six times and these six or more efforts to open the other 

 doors do not contain errors of either the sub-type a or sub-type 

 b kind. The ninety-fourth trial of Dog 9F1 affords an example 

 of this behavior. On entering the apparatus she went to door 

 3, raised her paw as if about to strike it, then desisted without 

 having touched the door. Following this she tried the doors 

 in the following order: 1-2-4-2-1-2-4-1-2-3. The effect of the 

 initial inhibition of the impulse to strike door 3 is apparent, 

 I believe, in the reaction-formula just given; this inhibition 

 persisted, so that whenever the subject passed door 3 she failed 

 to include it in her list of doors to be tried. If the order in 

 which she tried the other doors had suggested a mere persevera- 

 tion of active motor impulses, or if she had tried these doors less 

 than six times, the writer would not have felt justified in tabulat- 

 ing her reaction as belonging to sub-type c. 



In view of the fact that many of the reactions manifested 

 by the infant and the animals presented the characteristics 

 of all three Type E sub-types, it has been found more satisfactory 

 to deal with all Type E reactions as a unit for analysis and in- 

 terpretation. This is justified, I believe, by the fact that the 

 three sub-types are alike interpretable in terms of a single general 

 tendency, viz., perseveration of impulses. Finer analyses of 

 behavior than are possible in the present investigation would 

 doubtless show that we are here dealing with a group of several 

 distinctly different primitive reactive tendencies. As a psycho- 

 pathologist, the writer finds much interest in the fact that a 

 clinical phenomenon common to the dementia praecox group 

 of psychoses is met with at certain points in the normal onto- 

 genetic and phylogenetic scales; wherever a tendency to "per- 



