LABYRINTH HABITS OF THE PIGEON 



297 



knowledge that those auditory sensations present were not of 

 such a regular nature as to be available for guidance. Now it 

 is hardly to be expected that rotation would confuse an in- 

 dividual save as it disturbed the inter-connection of cues which 



TABLE VI 

 Maze Rotated 360° to the Left 



had been established prior to the change of position. In general, 

 an inter-connection is possible, (a) between cues of the same 

 system, as the external visual cues; or (b) between different 

 systems within the same sense modality; or, finally (c) between 

 the cue systems of different sense modalities, as visual and 

 kinaesthetic. With these claims granted, our conclusion is 

 that the cues of most importance to the individuals that were 

 not confused in the 90° and 270° rotations were visual sensations 

 arising from ivithin the maze, because the inter-connection of 

 these alone would not be disturbed by rotation. For the con- 

 fused individuals, visual sensations arising from without the 

 maze were the dominant cues. (In both cases, as will appear 

 below, kinaesthetic factors probably exerted an influence, the 

 exact nature of which is uncertain.) The full significance of 

 the above statements comes out in the answer to another 

 question. 



How does it happen that the birds (nos. i, 2 and 7) that were 

 confused little, if an}^ in the 90° rotation were confused greatly 

 in the 270° position, while, on the other hand, pigeon no. 5, 

 who was confused in the 90° rotation, was not in that of 270°? 



