BEHAVIOR OF INSECTS OTHER THAN ANTS 403 



that the more degenerate the eyes the greater the negative 

 phototropism. By negative phototropism the author merely 

 means avoiding the light. 



SENSATIONS 



I. Vision.— By the following experiment Mitzmain '' has 

 proved that the rodent fleas, in selecting a home, are not guided 

 by the color of the hair. Three pure white and three pro- 

 nouncedly black guinea pigs were placed in a large cage, the 

 bedding of which was infested with the fleas. Forty-eight hours 

 thereafter all of the rodents were removed simultaneously, 

 and a census of the fleas taken immediately. The white ani- 

 mals yielded eleven, ten and five fleas respectively; the dark 

 ones eleven, seven and four. 



The aim of Turner's paper ^^ is twofold: to see if, in the field, 

 bees can be trained to respond to colored artefacts, and, after 

 a bee has thoroughly learned to collect honey from an artefact 

 of a certain color, to see if it can select artefacts of that color 

 from numerous other artefacts of a different color; first, when 

 the artefacts to be selected contain honey and the others do 

 not; second, when some of each kind contain honey; third, 

 when none of the artefacts contain honey; fourth, when the 

 brightness content of the artefact to be selected is changed 

 Without altering the hue. In furthering the first aim, honey 

 was placed on discs of a certain color and exposed in a field 

 from which a large number of bees were collecting honey. At 

 first these discs were not attended to ; but after a lapse of several 

 hours a few bees began to collect from them. After a few 

 bees had acquired the habit of collecting from discs of a certain 

 color, three dift'erent series of experiments were conducted; 

 one with discs, one with cornucopias, and one with small boxes, 

 each provided with a small opening. In each of these series 

 a large number of artefacts of two colors, half of which were of the 

 color of the discs from which the bees had learned to collect 

 honey, were scattered promiscuously among the flowers from 

 which the bees were foraging. The artefacts of the color from 

 which the bees had learned to collect honey were supplied with 

 honey, the others were not. All of the artefacts containing 

 honey were visited by numerous bees ; no bees visited the other 

 artefacts. Control artefacts of the color from which the bees 



