404 C. H. TURNER 



were collecting honey were well supplied with honey and placed 

 in portions of the field where the bees had not been trained 

 to feed from artefacts. Although the bees were numerous, 

 these' artefacts were not visited. At intervals artefacts of 

 the color from which the bees had not been trained to foraije 

 were supplied with honey and scattered among the others. 

 As a rule these were not visited. At the close of both the second 

 and third series of experiments, all of the artefacts were re- 

 moved from the field ; and two artefacts, one of each color, both 

 new and neither containing honey, were exposed in the field. 

 In a few minutes, the artefact of the color that had formerlv 

 marked those that contained honey was completely packed 

 with struggling bees. No bees entered the other artefact. In 

 each series the artefacts were distributed in both the sunshine 

 and the shadow. All were equally visited by the bees. Since 

 the brightness content in the two cases was difterent while 

 the color was the same, it was concluded that the bees were 

 reacting to color as such. It is thought that these experiments 

 prove that bees can discriminate between colors. 



A month after the appearance of the above paper by Turner, 

 Lo veil's contribution to the same discussion "'' was published. 

 The conclusions of the two papers are practically the same; 

 but the methods of experimenting are difterent. Lo veil's 

 work is a repetition, with slight variations, of the experiments 

 recorded by Sir John Lubbock in his book on "Ants, Bees, 

 and Wasps," which was published about thirty years ago. 

 Colored slides were made by backing small slips of clear glass 

 with colored paper or the colored parts of flowers. A bee was 

 trained to collect honey from a slide of a certain color. After 

 it had made numerous visits to that slide, the slide was placed, 

 along with one or several slides of difterent colors, on a support 

 that was exposed to the bees, and the order of the slides changed 

 frequently. All of the slides were supplied with honey. The 

 following colors were used: blue, red, yellowy white, black, 

 colorless, purple, orange, green. In most of the cases the bees 

 continued to forage from the color from which they had been 

 trained to collect honey. In some cases, however, the bees, 

 at first, acted as though they were seeking a certain color; 

 but after a few trips, began to collect indiscriminately from 

 any of the slips. From these experiments the author draws 



