420 WILLIAM MORTON WHEELER 



legs, which probably enables the Uropolyaspis nymph to turn to 

 the right or left while it is being licked, without danger of becom- 

 ing detached from the hard anal secretion that secures it to the 

 tibia of its host. 



Kruger '" finds that the blind myrmecophilous beetle Claviger 

 testaceus, which lives with Lasius flavus and L. niger, possesses 

 two kinds of glands which are lacking in non-myrmecophilous 

 beetles, and that its dermal glandular system is more highly 

 developed. These glands give off an ethereal secretion which is 

 probably similar to that emanating from the ants or their brood. 

 This, according to Kruger, insures the beetle's adoption in the 

 nest, and leads the ants to feed and care for it. The beetles 

 attach themselves to the ant-larvae and, although Wasmann 

 claims to have seen one eating a larva, Kruger believes that 

 they really eat the food which is placed by the ants on the mouths 

 of their larvce, and that the presence of Claviger is not injurious 

 to colonies containing abundant brood. Although often fed by 

 the ants, after the manner of a true symphile, Claviger is never- 

 theless still able to feed independently. Kruger, like Bargagli 

 and Hetschko, shows that the beetle, when isolated from the 

 ants, may subsist for many days on dead flies. 



Lea '°- describes a large number of new myrmecophilous, 

 termitophilous, and melittophilous beetles from Australia, but 

 gives few notes on their behavior, though he is careful to men- 

 tion their hosts by name. As would be expected, most of the 

 species are Sta phylinidce ^nd Pselaphidce, though several remark- 

 able Histeridae, especially of the genus Chlamydopsis, are included. 

 One of these {C. longipes) has become very ant-like in appear- 

 ance through a singular lengthening and attenuation of the legs. 



Marsh ^"^ observes that a Colorado ant which he calls Formica 

 cinereo-riifibarhis (probably F. fusca var. neoclara) protects 

 aphids on melon vines by preying on the enemies of these insects. 

 The ants were " repeatedly observed carrying away adults of 

 the convergent lady-bird {Hippodamia convergens Guer.), the 

 nabid bug Reduviolus flavus L., and a species of Chrysopa. The 

 lady-bird larvae apparently were not molested, while the bene- 

 ficial syrphid larvae were objects of special attack, and it was 

 not unusual to see as many as ten or twelve larvee being carried 

 away from a single vine at a time. Wherever the ants were 

 abundant, the syrphid larv^ were noticeably reduced in num- 



