BEHAVIOR OF VERTEBRATES 437 



Zeliony '^^ reports some observations made on a single kitten, 

 which was with some difficulty taught to come from another 

 room to be fed at the sounding of the C of a set of tuning pipes, 

 and to inhibit the reaction to other tones. Detailed description 

 of the learning process is not given, nor were any control tests 

 introduced, " because before the investigation was completed, 

 the cat had disappeared." This contribution hardly lessens the 

 need of accurately controlled tests of auditory discrimination. 

 The author advocates the superiority of the saliva-reflex method 

 of Pawlow over the method of muscular reaction in tests of 

 audition. 



Swift,'" not satisfied with the conclusions of Kalischer and 

 Rothmann as to the " psychical " character of the reactions of 

 their dogs, trained two dogs, after the method of Kalischer, to 

 discriminate between c' (Fresston) and e" (Gegenton), using 

 a trumpet on which to sound them. Fourteen days sufficed to 

 perfect the reactions. After a month of rest the first dog's left 

 temporal lobe was extirpated. This produced right hemianopia 

 but did not affect the reactions to the two tones in the tests 

 which were given three days later. Ten da^^s later the right 

 temporal lobe was also extirpated. This rendered the animal's 

 blindness nearly total, and also produced left hemiplegia. Dis- 

 crimination of the tones, however, was not affected. The second 

 dog was similarly operated upon, but both temporal lobes were 

 extirpated at once. She, too, was able to discriminate the tones 

 as before. Swift considers that the center in question must 

 therefore lie in some other portion of the cortex. He also argues 

 that the reactions are not reflex as Kalischer holds, but involve 

 an intellectual process, and a well developed " ability to think." 

 However much we may value this opinion of the author, his 

 anatomical findings support the conclusions of Kalischer. 



Shepherd ^*' reports that he taught Rhesus monkeys to dis- 

 criminate between two noises differing mainly in intensity. In 

 order to produce the two noises, a slat i8 inches long was fas- 

 tened to the top of a box. By placing a stick vertically under 

 the slat and suddenly withdrawing it, a fairly loud noise was 

 produced. The intensity could be varied by varying the length 

 of the sticks. Sticks of 3 inches and 5 inches in length were 

 actually used. The animals were kept near by in a cage. They 

 reacted to the stronger of the two noises by climbing upon a 



