ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, AIICJIOSCOPY, ETC. S? 



includes the numbers 441-5o2, with notes on niunl>ers pruviously 

 recorded. The most noteworthy discovery recorded is I'kylUiporina 

 Hdhneliana (previously published us Cahnectrla Hdhneliuiui Jaap). a 

 genus of tropical lichens that grows on leaves, but in this case on the 

 stems and phylloclades of Ruse us aculealus. Zahlbruckner also reinstates 

 the genus Ainpliiditon in Heppiacete ; he liad relegated it to Lepto(iium 

 sect. Homodium. A. L. S. 



Relation between the Alga and Fungus of a Lichen. — R. Paulson 

 and SoMERViLLE 1Ia«tixgs {Jouni. Linn. Soc , 19:^0, 44, 497-506, 

 2 pis.): The authors comment on the mistaken theory that the lichen 

 plant is merely a fungus parasitic on an alga. They cite various authors 

 who in recent times have revived and upheld this view of the relationship 

 between the two organisms of the composite plant. Research was 

 undertaken to find out if possible the connexion between the fungus and 

 the alga, and the condition of the algal host. The method of preparing 

 and staining the sections is described. The material was collected in 

 February and March and also in autumn, and incidentally it was found 

 that spring was the season of most active growth. The green cells are 

 then increasing veiy rapidly, and the authors determined that their re- 

 production was by the formation of daughter gonidia within the parent 

 algal cell (autospores — reduced zoogonidia). They claim that this 

 abundant increase testified to the healthy condition of the alga. Xo 

 instance of parasitism or penetration of the alga by fungus hyphfe was 

 seen. The form and contents of the algal cell are described and dis- 

 cussed. It is probably a species of Ghlorella. A. h. S. 



Lichens found near Painswick — Pt. Paulson {Trans. Brit. Mi/roJ. 

 Soc., 1920, 6, pt. 4, 303). Paulson found at Painswick a rich harvest 

 of saxicolous lichens : they grew in great profusion on the sunny side of 

 oolitic stone walls, and on rocks projecting from the soil. Corticoious 

 species were rare in the woods, and Paulson is unable to account for their 

 absence, unless some unknown edaphic factors have been inimical to 

 their growth. The fungus parasite Tichothec iinn injg mseimi was aljundant 

 on the thallus of Plncodium ru'pestre. A. L. 8. 



Fruticose and Foliose Lichens of North Bohemia, II. — Josef 

 Anders {Hedu-igia, 1920, 6i, ;>ol-74). Owing to war conditions the 

 writer had to work under great disabilities. The list is restricted to the 

 larger lichens. Among the most numerous of these are the Cladoniee ; 

 not only species but a large series of varieties and forms are listed. 

 Farmelia and Cetraria are fairly well represented : Usneacete by only 

 one lichen, Letharia vulpina, a rather poor greenish-coloured specimen. 

 There were found two species of Gyrophora and one Fhijscia. A. L. S. 



Lichens of New Caledonia. — K. D. Cotton (F. Sarasin and J. Roux, 

 Berlin and Wiesbaden : Xova Caledonia, 1920, 108). A short supple- 

 ment to a previously recorded list. Two of the species are from New 

 Caledonia, the others from Loyalty Islands. A. L. S. 



Lichens from Litau, — E. Bach-aiann and Fk. Bachmann {Hedu-igia, 

 1919, 61, 308-20 ; 1920, 61, 321-42). The lichens enumerated were 



