312 SUMMAKY OF CUERENT RESEAKCHES RELATING TO 



biologically from such cases as that of the indigenous Polyporus uiniarius 

 on trees which are green with intrusive Cystococcus and to similar cases 

 of Stereum, etc." The author then traces the reproductive development 

 in Ascomjcetes and notes the divergences from fungi. In the second 

 issue (pp. 197-202) he discusses the origin and development of Laboul- 

 beniacea3, noting their morphological and reproductive likeness to 

 Floridea3 and to Lichens, their marine origin and their adaptation to 

 dry conditions, and to the short life of the host. Church traces back 

 the origin of LaboulbeniaceEe and Lichens to alga3 of older structure 

 than existing Floridefe, but with the same reproductive mechanism of 

 trichogvnes and spermatia. A. Lorrain Smith. 



Cultures of Lichen-gonidia. — H. Waren (Akad. Abh. Helsingfors 



und Ofvers. Finsk. Vet.-Soc. Fork., 1920, 61 ; see also Zeitschr. Botanik, 

 1921, 13, 182-8). The author cultivated carefully isolated gonidia 

 from twenty-one different species of lichens. He tested their nutrition 

 by growing them on different nitrogenous media and found that they 

 grew most freely on amino-acids. Further, he finds that the alga in most 

 lichens is Cystococcus, which he divides into two sections, Eucystococcns 

 and Eleuterococcus, which differ in the formation of autospores. The 

 former is characterized by the vegetative division into autospores, the 

 latter by the formation of rounded autospores. The results seem to 

 indicate that each lichen species has its own peculiar species of gonidial 

 alga. An exception was found in XanthoriaparieUna, of which specimens 

 from two different localities enclosed a different type of gonidium. 



A. L. S. 



Different Forms of Lichen Symbiosis in Solorina saccata Ach. 

 and Solorina crocea Ach. — M. et Mme. Fernand Moreau {Rev. Gen. 

 £ot., l'..)21, 33, 81-7). The authors discuss chiefly the internal 

 cephalodia of these two lichens. They trace the development of 

 these bodies and their subsequent fate in the tissues of the thallus. In 

 some instances the intruding alga3 are so surrounded by a plectenchyma 

 of hyphee that their development is circumscribed, and they may finally 

 disappear. In other instances, as in /Solorina crorea, the foreign alga 

 extends and forms a second gonidial zone. The authors consider from 

 these observations that their view of the pathological nature of the 

 lichen symbiosis is confirmed. A. L. S. 



Systematic Researches on Lichen Parasites and Lichenoid 

 Fungi.— Karl von Keiszler (Wien) {Bech.Bot.CentndbJ., 1920, 37, 

 263-78). A careful examination of a number of fungi, many of them 

 jon the border-land between lichens and fungi. Descriptions are giv^en 

 and citations of literature with critical observations. Two new species 

 are described, Leptosphseria galligena on Parmelise and Ovvlaria peltlgeras 

 on the thallus of PeUigera rvfescens. A. L. S. 



Handbook of British Lichens.— A. Lorrain Smith (British 

 Museum, 1921, 158 pp., 90 figs.). The book (of pocket size) has been 

 issued for work in the field as well as the home. Many lichens can be 



