ZOOLOIJY AND BOTANY, iMICUOSGOPY, ETC. 391 



Nematohelminihe . 



New Nematodes from Elephants. — H. A. Baylis {Parasitolo(jy, 

 1921, 13, 57-66, 7 figs.). Description of a new geuus Parahronema, 

 referalile to the Spirnrid*. The mouth is l)ordered by paired lateral 

 lips, external to which there is a dorsal and a ventral shield of cuticle. 

 Each lip bears one large, median lateral papilla and a pair of small 

 sublateral papillse. Each of the shields carries a pair of larger papilla?, 

 situated at some distance behind the extremity of the head. The cuticle 

 of the head is thick, and folded in a complicated manner so as to form 

 a circlet of six horseshoe-shaped auricular appendages, of which two are 

 lateral, two subdorsal, and two subventral. The open anterior end of 

 the horseshoe is partly tilled up by a vesicular swelling of the cuticle. 

 The edge of each of these appendages is further folded to form a groove 

 somewhat resembling the cervical grooves of the Acuaria group. Truly 

 a remarkable head. J. A. T. 



New Species of Myzostoma. — Juta Hara and Yaichiro Okada 

 {Annot. Zool. Japon., 1921, 10, 38-9). Descriptions of two undoubtedly 

 new species of this interesting genus. The first, M. robustum sp. n., 

 was found on the ventral side of the arms of Metacriims rotundus. It 

 is nearest M. cJarki, but differs in the following characters : the lack of 

 a pair of vestigial cirri at each end of the body, the absence of longi- 

 tudinal wrinkles on the dorsal surface, two main intestinal diverticula 

 instead of three, the situation of the mouth in a notch at the anterior 

 dorsal end of the body, and the position of the cloaca near the posterior 

 margin of the ventral surface. The second species, M. ijimal sp. n., 

 was found in the subdermal tissue of the disc of Antedon macrodiscus. 

 As in many other cysticolous species, the body is very parenchymatous, 

 with feeble musculature and parapodia. J. A. T. 



Classification of Ascaridse.— H. A. Baylis {ParasitoJogy, 1920, 

 12, 411-2G, 7 figs.). A discussion of the Polydelphis group, and an 

 account of other Ascarids parasitic in snakes. A new genus, Ophid- 

 ascaris is established alongside of Polydelphis. J. A. T. 



Nematodes of Domestic Pigeon in Australia. — Vera Irwin- 

 Smith {Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1921, 45, 552-63, 19 figs.). The 

 only Nematode previously recorded from the domestic pigeon in 

 Australia was Ascaridia columbse. To this is now added Cephalo- 

 stronffT/lus quadriradinhis ( = Strongylus qimdriradiatus Stevenson), a 

 new genus being erected, differing markedly from Stronyylus, or Tricho- 

 stronyylus on account of the relative sizes and positions of the bursal 

 rays, the form of the spicules, and the inflation of the cuticle of the 

 head to form a vesicular enlargement. There is also added Gapillaria 

 columbse Kudolphi. J. A. T. 



Distribution of Hookworms. — Samuel T. Darling {Parasitology, 

 1920, 217-33). The races of mankind living in tropical and sub- 

 tropical regions are infested with one or more species of hookworms 

 — Agchijlostoma duodonale, A. ceyloniciim, A. braziliense, and Nerator 

 americanus. In the migrations of peoples the immigrants have carried 



