392 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



their peculiar species of hookworms into regions occupied by people 

 having a different worm-species-coutent, and by an examination of the 

 intestinal worms of a people the geographical and ethnic origin of 

 their hosts can, within certain limits, be divined. J. A. T, 



Classification of Ascaridse. — H. A, Baylis {Parasitology, 1920, 

 12, 253-64, 1 fig.)- Revised classification based on the characters of 

 the alimentary canal. Five types are distinguished : — 



1. (Esophagus muscular throughout, opening directly into the 

 intestine without posterior ventriculus or distinct bulb ; with a forwardly- 

 directed caecum springing from the intestine ; with no oesophageal 

 appendix. Examples: Ascaris holoptera, A. colura. 



2. CEsophagus slender, with a more or less globular bulb at the 

 base ; the intestine produced forwards as a long ca?cum ; with no 

 oesophageal appendix. Examples : Ascaris halichoris, Dujardinia 

 helicina. 



3. ffisophagus with a posterior glandular portion, or ventriculus, of 

 elongate or oblong shape, and often bent in a sigmoid manner ; with 

 no oesophageal or intestinal ca^ca. Examples : A. rosmari, A. similis. 



4. CEsophagus with a posterior glandular portion, or ventriculus, 

 often bent so as to open into the intestine laterally ; with an intestinal 

 caecum; with no oesophageal appendix. Examples: A. decipiens, A. 

 depressa, etc. 



5. (Esophagus with a reduced posterior ventriculus, giving off a 

 backwardly-directed glandular appendix ; with an intestinal c^cum as 

 well. Examples : A. aucta, A. microcephala, etc. 



In accordance with these differences a reclassification is offered of 

 the sub-families Anisakinae and Heterocheilinse. J, A. T. 



Platyhelminthes. 



Species of Fasciola. — Harold G. Jackson (Farasitolof/i/, 1921, 

 13, 48-56, 1 pi., 4 figs.). It is shown that Fasciola angiisia (Railliet) 

 and F. segyptiaca (Looss) are connected by intermediate forms, and that 

 they cannot be separated from F. gigantica (Cobb). A key is given of 

 the species of Fasciola, including the common liver-fluke, which have 

 been hitherto described. J. A. T. 



New Trematode from Heron. — Eleanor E. Chase {Proc. Linn. 

 Sec. N.S.W., 1921, 45, 5u0-4, 1 pi., 1 fig.). A description of Holo- 

 stomum repens sp. n., from the intestine of the white-fronted heron. 

 In all the described species of Holostomum the oral sucker and the 

 pharynx are both well-defined structures, but in this new species only 

 one cavity with thick muscular walls is found in connexion with the 

 mouth. The probability is that the oral sucker is not represented. 

 The rather complicated clinging plug occupies a much larger proportion 

 of the body than in H. variahiU. . J. A. T. 



Japanese Digenetic Trematodes. — ^Harujiro Kobayashi {Para- 

 sitology, 1920, 12, 380-410, 3 pis.). Descriptions of a number of new 



