ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 403 



of the evidence which shows that Van Tieghem's stelar theory is not 

 applicable to the eusporangiate ferns, with the addition of further facts 

 derived from a recent study of BotrijcJUiim. The author's conclusions 

 are as follows : — The presence of a single cauline stele — " protostele," 

 " siphonostele," " dictyostele " — is not borne out by the history of the 

 stelar tissues in the Ophioglossales and Marattiales. In all of these the 

 stelar system begins as a single strand common to the first leaf and 

 root ; the stem apex arises adventitiously in Ophioglossum moluccanum 

 and 0. pendulum, and is very insignificant in Boirychium and the 

 Marattiales. No procambium is developed in the stem region in the 

 young sporophyte. In the Ophioglossales the stelar structures of 

 the axis are built up exclusively of leaf-traces to which the bundles 

 of the roots are joined. This condition obtains also for the earlier 

 stages of the Marattiales, but is complicated later by the formation of 

 " commissural " strands, which are of cauline origin. The " dictyostele " 

 of Ophioglossum and most Marattiales is in no sense a monostele. The 

 "foliar gaps " are not breaks in a single tubular stele, but are merely 

 spaces between the coalescent leaf -traces, and the pith is part of the 

 ground tissue included within the cylindrical network formed by the 

 united bundles derived from the leaves. In short, the condition found 

 in the axis of the eusporangiate ferns is more in accord with the older 

 theory of " common " bundles traversing a ground tissue, and united 

 to form the woody cylinder of the axis, than with the assumption of a 

 true cauline stele. The condition existing in the eusporangiate ferns 

 by no means implies that the stelar hypothesis must be completely 

 discarded. There seems to be no question of its application to the 

 Lycopods, Conifers, and many Angiosperms ; but in all of these the 

 relative importance of stem and leaf is very different from the condition 

 of the ferns ; and it will not be surprising if, when the different types 

 of the Leptosporangiatse are subjected to a thorough examination of 

 the origin of the stelar tissues in the young sporophyte, it will be found 

 that in these, as well as in the Eusporangiatas, the axial stelar tissues 

 are largely, at least, of foliar origin. A. CI. 



Young Leaves of Angiopteris Teysmanniana. — J. Malkowska 

 {Rosprawy wydz. mat.-przyr. Akad. umiej. Krakoivie, 11)14, ser. 3, 14, 

 189-1)4, pi. and fig. : see also Bot. Gentralbl, 1918, 138, 187). A 

 description of the frond development of plants in the Botanical Garden 

 of Cracow. The young frond (namely, the oldest leaf) is simply 

 pinnate ; the piniise are broad and either irregularly incised or entire 

 along the margin. The next frond is dichotomously divided, the 

 following ones are three to four times divided. The conrse of the 

 vascular bundle is traced by means of transverse sections. E. 8. Cepp. 



Hymenophyllum tunbridgense (Sm.) in the Jura Sandstone Region 

 in Luxemburg. — E. J. Klein {Naturwiss. Wochenschr. N.F., 191G, 

 15, 646-8, 4 figs. ; see also Bot. Gentralbl., 1918,138, Ml). A record 

 of the occurrence of this fern in several new localities in the so-called 

 " Schliiffe" of the Jura sandstone ; it often grows in cushions in the drip of 

 water associated with mosses and liverworts and the lichen Sphserophorus 

 coralJo'ides Pers. ; and often in very inaccessible places. Oddly enough 



