ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICUOSCOPy, ETC. 413 



Developmental History and the Systematic Position of the 

 Tilopteridese.— H. Kylin {ner. Deutsch. Hot. Ges., l'.)17, 35, 298- 

 310 ; see also Bot. Gentralbl, li)ll), 140, 12;)). A critical review of 

 the literature on this subject, in which the light of modern research on 

 alternation of generations is brought to bear on past work. The more 

 important features in the developmental history of Tilopterideae are 

 summarized for the following species : Haplospora (jloboaa, Scaphospora 

 speciosa, Tilopteris Mertensii, Heterospora Vidovichu, Acinetospora pusilla, 

 and Christocarpus tmellus. The author recognizes only TilopUrh and 

 Haplospora as true Tilopterideaj, and regards the Acinutosporeas 

 {Heterospora and Acinetospora) as not closely related to Tilopteridefe. 

 The Acinetosporeae are for the present best ranged under Ectocarpacese. 

 Tilopterideaj have developed, according to the author, from Ectocarpacea^, 

 probably from such forms as Pijlaiella. The great differences in the 

 conditions of reproduction justify the conclusion that Tilopteridere is 

 separated off from the Ectocarpaceas, and therefore also from the 

 Phffiosporeai. Further, he believes that the monospore of Tilopteridese 

 is homologous with the four tetraspores of Dictyotacea;. The 

 relationships of the Orders of Pha3ophycea3 are shown in a diagram. 



E. S. G. 



Cystoseiras of Banyuls and of Guethary : Supplement (1). — 

 C. Sauvageau {Bull. Stat. Biol. iVArcachon., 1920, 17, ")2 pp.). A 

 study of the Mediterranean species of Gystoseira, and a comparison with 

 those of the Atlantic. In an Introduction, the author discusses the 

 various localities visited, with their idiosyncrasies of shore, tide, etc., 

 both on the European and African coasts of the Mediterranean. As the 

 result of his investigations he gives his views on the phylogenetic 

 history of some of the Mediterranean species. G. ericoides, after 

 penetrating into the Mediterranean, gave rise to a series of species, 

 G. mediterranea, G. stricta^ C. amentacea, which differ but slightly from 

 it, and possibly also to G. csespitosa, which differs more markedly. The 

 Mediterranean species, G. se/fl'///yw^^(?s, is probably derived from G.granu- 

 lata of the Atlantic. No line of descent was discovered for G. discors, 

 nor for G. abrotanifolia . Their nearest oceanic allies are respectively 

 G.fmniculacea and G. myriophylloides ; and the history of the four species 

 seems to be the following : — G .faniculacea and G. myriophylloides entered 

 the Mediterranean by the Straits of Gibraltar, formed respectively 

 G. discors and G. abrotanifolia, and disappeared ; while their two 

 representatives invaded the entire Mediterranean. Later on the two 

 latter emerged into the ocean, and are both found at the Canaries. 

 G. barbata, a widely spread Meditei-ranean species, has emerged and 

 reached Cadiz, but no further. Of the five littoral species of the temperate 

 Atlantic, G. fibrosa, G. ericoides, G. gramdatii, G. fainicidacea and 

 G. myriophylloides, only G. fibrosa has taken no part in the peopling of the 

 Mediterranean with sp>ecies. G. ericoides itself occurs in the western 

 part of that sea. The number of species increases from west to east, 

 but the differences between them are less than between the oceanic 

 species, and are sometimes very small. The new species G. selagiiioides 

 and a new variety are described ; and twenty-three species are discussed 

 at varying length, the matter being additional to that previously published 

 in the memoir on the sul)ject. E. S. G. 



