ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 427 



bark during the winter months (December to February). Inoculations 

 were made, and the parasitic nature of the fungus was established. 



A. L. S. 



Method of Attack and Parasitic Contamination of Ivy (Hedera 

 Helix) Conditioned by Rain. — P. Bu&non {BuU. Soc. Mycol France, 

 1920, 36, 172-4, 1 fig.). The author discovered a fungus, later diag- 

 nosed to be Phyllosticta hedericola, tliat formed pycnidia on linear 

 patches along the edge of the ivy leaves. The position was due to the 

 washing down of dusts and spores to the lower region of the leaves by 

 rain. He found Cladosporium herhnrum on the same area. A. L. S. 



New Disease of the Almond. — Ali Riza {Bull. Boc. Mycol. France, 

 1920, 36, 189-91, 1 fig.). The disease attacks the branches, and is 

 caused by the fungus Cerrospora Amygclali sp. n. A description of the 

 fungus is given. A. L. S. 



Common Scab of Potatoes.— AY. A. Millaed {Journ. Agrlr.,l%-2\, 

 28, 4'.)-5o, 2 pis.). The author gives an account of work done on scab 

 disease at Leeds. It has been proved that American and English scab 

 are alike, and due to a fungus, Actinomyces scaiies. It was found that 

 manuring with green herbage lessened the attack, and it is suggested 

 that in such a case the fungus lives on the organic matter supplied, and 

 the potato escapes. A. L. S. 



Leaf-spots on the Elm.— L. E. Miles {Bot. Gaz., 1921, 71, 161-96, 

 3 pis., 1 fig.). The principal American elm, Ulmus amerkana, is often 

 severely attacked by the fungus Gnomonia ulmea, which causes spots on 

 the leaves : it is apt to cause considerable damage to seedlings and 

 young trees in nursei'ies. The first growth of the fungus is found in 

 the living leaf early in spring : the young perithecium develops in the 

 palisade tissue beneath a sub-cuticular stroma. Germination of the 

 ascospores took place readily on living elm leaves, but was never induced 

 on culture media. A conidial stage was found constantly associated 

 with the Gnomonia, and has been determined as Giocosporium ulmewn 

 sp. n. The connexion between the two forms was proved by artificial 

 cultures. Other leaf-spots on the elm were examined and described. 

 An extensive bibliography is appended. A. L. S. 



Lichens. 



Lichens of the Minehead District. — H. H. Knight (Trans. Brit. 

 Mycol. Soc, 1921, 7, 16-18). Minehead proved a profitable gathering 

 ground for lichens. Arboreal species are abundant in Horner's Wood ; 

 at Selworthy and Porlock saxicolous forms were more prominent. A 

 very considerable number were found, and have been listed by the 

 author of the paper. A. Lokrain Smith. 



Sporulation of Gonidia in the Thallus of Evernia prunastri. — 

 Pt. Paulson {Trans. Brit. Myrol. Soc, 1921, 7, 41-7, 1 pL). Paulson 

 gives an account of gonidial multiplication in Evernia, but the same type 

 of sporulation has been found by him in a large number of lichens. He 



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