70 CHENOPODIACEAE 



1. Chenopodium polyspermum L. Many-seeded Goosefoot. Fig. 1482. 



Chenopodium polyspermum L. Sp. PI. 220. 1753. 



Glabrous annual, with erect or decumbent, commonly much branched stems, 3-9 dm. high. 

 Leaves oblong to ovate, 3-8 cm. long, slender-petioled, entire, obtuse at the apex, rounded to 

 cuneate at base, bright green and rather thin; flowers in dense spikes or loose cymes, arranged 

 in terminal panicles and in the axils of most of the leaves ; pericarp firmly adhering to the 

 horizontal seed, about 1 mm. broad, black and shining. 



Native of Europe and northern Asia, sparsely adventive in Oregon and the Atlantic States. July-Sept. 



2. Chenopodium hybridum L. Maple-leaved Goosefoot. Fig. 1483. 



Chenopodium hybridum L. Sp. PI. 219. 1753. 



Glabrous, bright green annual, sometimes mealy about the inflorescence ; stems erect, 

 usually much branched, 3-14 dm. high. Leaves slender-petioled, rhombic-ovate, 7-20 cm. long, 

 long-acuminate at apex, rounded to subcordate at base, sinuate-angled with 1-4 triangular teeth 

 on each side ; flowers in large axillary or terminal panicles ; calyx-lobes not keeled, incompletely 

 enclosing the fruit ; pericarp adherent ; seed horizontal, sharp-edged. 



In shaded places; British Columbia and California to Quebec and Virginia; also in the Old World and the 

 Hawaiian Islands. Type locality: "Habitat in Europae cultis." June-Sept. 



3. Chenopodium murale L. Nettle-leaved or Wall Goosefoot. Fig. 1484. 



Chenopodium murale L. Sp. PI. 219. 1753. 



Annual, with glabrous or very sparsely mealy herbage, the stems erect or decumbent, 

 branched, leafy to the summit. Leaves rhombic-ovate, 3-8 cm. long, acute or obtuse at the apex, 

 cuneate or subcordate at base, slender-petioled ; flowers in glomerules arranged in loose axillary 

 panicles, shorter than the leaves ; calyx-lobes green, obscurely carinate, incompletely enclosing 

 the fruit; pericarp green, adherent; seed horizontal, about 1.5 mm. in diameter, dull, finely 

 puncticulate, sharp-edged. 



A common garden weed, widely distributed over the Pacific States and over North America generally. 

 Naturalized from Europe. Jan.-Dec. 



Chenopodium Vulvaria L. Sp. PI. 220. 1753. Stinking Goosefoot. Ill-scented rather densely mealy 

 annual, with procumbent branches 1.5-4 dm. long. Leaves broadly ovate, entire, 1-3.5 cm. long, on petioles of 

 about the same length; flowers in short dense terminal or axillary spikes; calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, 

 completely enclosing the fruit; pericarp adherent; seed horizontal, 1 mm. broad, dull black, rounded on the 

 margin. Native of Europe, adventive at Yreka, California. 



4. Chenopodium album L. Lamb's Quarters, White Goosefoot. Fig. 1485. 



Chenopodium album L. Sp. PI. 219. 1753. 



Chenopodium paganum Reichb. Fl. Germ. Excurs. 579. 1830. 



Annual, with pale, more or less densely mealy herbage, the stems erect, simple or usually 

 branched, grooved and angled, 0.5-2 m. high. Leaves rhombic-ovate, or the upper lanceolate, 

 cuneate at base, obtuse or acute at the apex, dentate, sinuate-lobed or entire, pale green, more 

 or less densely mealy at least beneath ; petioles slender, often as long as the blades ; spikes 

 terminal and axillary in the upper axils, often paniculate; calyx-lobes carinate, usually com- 

 pletely enclosing the fruit; pericarp adherent; seed horizontal, black and shining, 1.3 mm. 

 broad ; embryo a complete ring. 



Fields, gardens, and waste places; frequent in the Pacific States and widely distributed over North America, 

 except in the arctic regions. Native of Eurasia. June-Nov. 



Chenopodium album var. viride (L.) Moq. in DC. Prod. 13 2 : 71. 1849. Herbage less pale and scarcely or 

 not at all mealy. Less common than the species in the Pacific States. 



Chenopodium Berlandieri Moq. Enum. Chenop. 23. 1840. Aellen (Rep. Spec. Nov. 26: 50-63. 1929) 

 considers this species distinct from C. album and recognizes 34 subspecies, varieties, and forms in North America. 

 All seem to us to be minor variants of C. album. 



5. Chenopodium leptophyllum Nutt. Narrow-leaved Goosefoot. Fig. 1486. 



Chenopodium album var. leptophyllum Moq. in DC. Prod. 13 2 : 71. 1849. 



Chenopodium leptophyllum Nutt. ex Moq. loc. cit, as a synonym; S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 9: 94. 1874. 



Botrys leptophylla Nieuwl. Amer. Midi. Nat. 3: 275. 1914. 



Annual, with densely white-mealy herbage or becoming glabrate, the stems simple or 

 branched, erect, 2-6 dm. high. Leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, entire, 15-45 mm. long, acute 

 to rounded at the apex, cuneate or narrower at base ; petioles short ; flowers in dense glomerules, 

 arranged in dense or slender paniculate spikes ; calyx-lobes carinate, completely enclosing the 

 fruit ; pericarp free and readily separable ; seed horizontal, 1 mm. broad, black and shining, the 

 margin obtuse. 



Dry fields, plains, and hillsides, Upper and Lower Sonoran Zones; in the Pacific States extending from eastern 

 Washington to the desert regions of California, and sparingly in the coastal region of southern California. 

 Native of western United States and northern Mexico, and adventive in the Eastern States and Europe. Type 

 locality: California. April-Sept. 



Chenopodium subglabrum (S. Wats.) A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 34: 362. 1902. {Chenopodium leptophyllum 

 var. subalabrum S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 9: 95. 1874.) This is probably best considered as a variety of 

 leptophyllum as originally described by Watson. It is distinguished by its glabrate herbage and larger seeds, 

 which are 1.5 mm. broad. It is more common than typical leptophyllum in eastern Washington and Oregon, 

 and extends to Montana and Nebraska. 



