GOOSEFOOT FAMILY 67 



1-3. Fruit a utricle, with a thin or coriaceous pericarp. Embryo annular and sur- 

 rounding the endosperm, or spiral and with the endosperm lateral or wanting. 



About 75 genera and 500 species of wide geographic distribution. 



Embryo annular, semiannular, or conduplicate, surrounding the endosperm. 

 Leaves not reduced to scales; stems not jointed. 



Leaves opposite; calyx-segments strongly imbricate. 1. Nitrophila. 



Leaves alternate (sometimes opposite in Sarcobatus) ; calyx-segments slightly or not at all imbricate. 

 Fruit dehiscent; flowers perfect. 



Calyx unchanged in fruit; stamen 1. 2. Aphanisma. 



Calyx indurate at base in age; stamens 5. 3. Beta. 



Fruit indehiscent. 



Fruit enclosed by the calyx or by bracts. 



Flowers perfect or polygamous, all similar. 



Fruiting calyx wingless and spineless, its segments sometimes keeled. 

 Stamens and calyx-segments usually 3-5. 



Fruiting calyx herbaceous or fleshy. 4. Chemopodium. 



Fruiting calyx dry and strongly reticulated; leaves pinnatifid. 



5. Roubieva. 

 Stamens and sepals 1. 7. Monolepis. 



Fruiting calyx winged or armed with spines. 

 Calyx horizontally winged. 



Annuals; leaves flat, toothed. 6. Cycloloma. 



Woody perennials; leaves linear, terete. 11. Kochia. 



Calyx-lobes each armed with a hooked spine. 12. Echinopsilon. 



Flowers monoecious or dioecious, the pistillate enclosed by 2 sepal-like bractlets. 



Bractlets compressed; pubescence of inflated hairs or wanting. 8. Atriplex. 



Bractlets obcompressed; pubescence of branched hairs. 



Bractlets carinate, becoming dorsally winged in fruit. 9. Grayia. 



Bractlets not carinate, densely pilose. 10. Eurotia. 



Fruit well exserted beyond the 1-3 minute sepals; flowers perfect. 13. Corispermum. 



Leaves reduced, scale-like; stems jointed; flowers in fleshy spikes or sunken in the joints of the stem. 

 Bracts alternate, arranged spirally. 14. Allenrolfea. 



Bracts opposite. 15. Salicornia. 



Embryo spirally coiled; endosperm little or none. 



Flowers monoecious, not bracteolate, the staminate in ament-like spikes. 16. Sarcobatus. 



Flowers perfect, bracteolate, never in aments. 



Leaves fleshy; fruiting calyx wingless. 17. Suaeda. 



Leaves very spiny; fruiting calyx with a horizontal wing. 18. Salsola. 



1. NITROPHILA S. Wats. Bot. King Expl. 297. 1871. 



Low perennial herbs with horizontal rootstocks and subarticulate branches. Leaves 

 opposite, amplexicaul, entire and fleshy. Flowers perfect, axillary. Sepals 5, rarely 6 

 or 7, chartaceous, concave and carinate, 1 -nerved. Stamens 5, united at base into a narrow 

 disk. Style slender; stigmas 2, subulate; ovule pendulous from an erect funicle. Utricle 

 shorter than the calyx, the pericarp membranaceous. Seed vertical, lenticular; embryo 

 annular; radicle inferior. [Name Greek, nitron, carbonate of soda, and philos, fond of; 

 these plants growing in alkaline soils.] 



A monotypic genus of western North America. 



1. Nitrophila occidentalis (Moq.) S. Wats. Nitrophila. Fig. 1479. 



Banalia occidentalis Moq. in DC. Prod. 13 2 : 279. 1849. 



Halimocnemis occidentalis Nutt. ex Moq. in DC. Prod. 13 2 : 279, as a synonym. 1849. 



Glaux acutifolia Heller, Muhlenbergia 2: 109. 1906. 



Plants glabrous, with decumbent oppositely branched stems, 1-4 dm. long, arising from 

 stout rootstocks. Leaves sessile, 1-2.5 cm. long, the floral shorter, linear, semiterete, pungent 

 at apex ; flowers 1-3 in the axils, sessile, or the lateral pedicelled ; calyx-lobes broadly oblong, 

 about 2.5 mm. long, stramineous; stamens included; seed 1 mm. broad, smooth and shiny black. 



Alkaline soil, mostly Upper Sonoran Zone; eastern Washington to Nevada, southern California, and Mexico. 

 Type locality: Oregon. May-Sept. 



2. APHANISMA Nutt. ex Moq. in DC. Prod. 13 2 : 54. 1849. 



Slender glabrous succulent annual herbs. Leaves alternate, sessile, entire. Flowers 

 perfect, solitary or in clusters of 3-5, axillary. Calyx 3-cleft, rarely 4-5-cleft, the con- 

 cave segments unchanged in fruit. Stamen 1 ; filament short. Style short, with 3 short 

 recurved stigmas ; ovary depressed. Utricle globose, finely 5-costate, finally circumscissile. 

 Seed horizontal, lenticular, rugulose ; embryo imperfectly annular, surrounding the copi- 

 ous endosperm. [Name Greek, meaning inconspicuous.] 



A monotypic Californian genus. 



