66 CHENOPODIACEAE 



subsessile, punctate, often ciliate on the margins ; stipule-sheaths sparsely villous with appressed 

 hairs or glabrate, fringed with short weak bristles; racemes solitary or panicled, erect, 15—25 mm. 

 long, densely flowered; bracts bristly ciliate; stamens 6; style 2-3-parted ; achene lenticular or 

 3-angled, 2-2.5 mm. broad, black, smooth and shining. 



Moist places. Transition and Sonoran Zones; Puget Sound, Washington, to southern California east across 

 the continent. Naturalized from Europe. May-Oct. 



34. Polygonum pennsylvanicum L. Pennsylvania Persicaria. Fig. 1476. 



Polygonum pennsylvanicum L. Sp. PI. 362. 1753. 

 Persicaria pcnnsylvanica Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 377. 1903. 



Annual, the stems erect, simple or well branched, glabrous or the uppermost internodes 

 stipitate-glandular. Leaves narrowly to broadly lanceolate, 4-20 cm. long, acuminate, ciliate on 

 the margins, otherwise glabrous or sometimes the uppermost glandular beneath ; stipule-sheaths 

 funnelform; racemes paniculate, oblong-cylindric, erect; calyx-lobes rose purple or reddish, 

 3-4 mm. long; achene flat or the sides somewhat concave, orbicular or slightly broader than 

 long, 3 mm. broad, smooth, shiny black. 



Low wet ground, Boreal and Austral Zones; sparingly introduced in the Pacific States, marshes near Ken- 

 wood, Sonoma County, California. Type locality: Pennsylvania. July-Sept. 



35. Polygonum lapathifdlium L. Pale Persicaria, Willow Weed. Fig. 1477. 



Polygonum lapathifolium L. Sp. PL 360. 1753. 



Polygonum nodosum Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 440. 1805. 



Persicaria lapathifolia S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. PI. 2: 270. 1821. 



Polygonum jusiforme Greene, Erythea 1: 259. 1893. 



Annual with simple or much branched erect or ascending stems, usually with prominently 

 swollen nodes. Leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 5-20 cm. long, narrowed at base and at- 

 tenuate at apex, inconspicuously punctate otherwise glabrous or often sparsely scabrous with 

 upwardly appressed hairs on the midrib and margins ; stipule-sheaths and bracts sometimes 

 minutely ciliolate ; peduncles glabrous or often sparsely glandular ; racemes somewhat panicled, 

 slender, 1-5 cm. long, often nodding; calyx white or pale rose; stamens 6; achene lenticular with 

 concave faces, ovate, scarcely 2 mm. broad, dark brown or black, shining. 



Moist roadsides and waste places. Transition and Sonoran Zones; widely distributed throughout temperate 

 North America, frequent in the Pacific States; also Europe and Asia. A variable species, P. nodosum and 

 P. fusiforme being robust forms with enlarged nodes and reddish stems. Type locality: in Europe. June-Oct. 



Polygonum lapathifolium var. salicifolium Sibth. (P. lapathifolium var. incanum Koch, P. jallax Greene.) 

 Stems simple or branched from the base, 2-4 dm. high. Leaves acute or only slightly acuminate, more or less 

 white-tomentose beneath; achenes ovate-orbicular, black and shining. San Francisco Bay region and Monterey, 

 California. Much less common than the typical species in the Pacific States. 



36. Polygonum Convolvulus L. Black Bindweed. Fig. 1478. 



Polygonum Convolvulus L. Sp. PL 364. 1753. 



Tiniaria Convolvulus Webb & Moq. ex Webb & Berth. Hist. Nat. Canar. 3: 221. 1836-40. 



Annual, glabrous, scurfy, the stems branched, twining or trailing, 2-10 dm. long, with elon- 

 gated internodes. Leaves long-petioled, ovate-sagittate, or the upper lanceolate-sagittate, 2-6 cm. 

 long ; stipule-sheaths 3-5 mm. long, oblique, the margins entire ; flowers in few-flowered axillary 

 clusters or the upper becoming loosely racemose; calyx-lobes 5, 3.5-4 mm. long; achene 3- 

 angled, black, dull and granular. 



Edges of fields and waste places. Naturalized in all three of the Pacific States and across the continent. 

 Native of Europe. May-Sept. 



Polygonum cuspidatum Seib. & Zucc. Fl. Japon. Fam. Nat. 2: 84. 1S46. (P. Zuccarinii Small.) Erect 

 stout perennial, 1-2 m. high, glabrous except for inflorescence. Leaves round-ovate, truncate to obtuse or some- 

 times subcordate at base, abruptly short-acuminate at apex, 8-15 cm. long; flowers in axillary drooping panicles, 

 white, the outer sepals broadly winged in fruit; achene 3-angled. Native of Japan, cultivated as an ornamental, 

 and sometimes appearing as an escape. 



Polygonum sachalinense F. Schmidt ex Maxim. Prim. FL Amur. 233. 1859. Sacaline. Stout perennial, 

 2-3 m. high. Leaves oblong-ovate or oblong-oval, 10-30 cm. long, cordate at base, acute or somewhat attenuate 

 at apex, dull green, tomentulose especially on the midvein below; flowers in axillary panicles, greenish or tinged 

 with red; outer sepals broadly winged; achene 3-angled. Native of Japan, and occasionally cultivated in the Pacific 

 States. Apparently well established along the lower Klamath River, California. 



Family 36. CHENOPODIACEAE. 



Goosefoot Family. 



Annual or perennial herbs or shrubs with often mealy, scurfy, or fleshy herbage. 

 Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, sometimes wanting, without stipules. Flowers 

 inconspicuous, perfect or unisexual. Calyx persistent, herbaceous, 2-5-lobed or 

 -parted, rarely reduced to a single sepal, or sometimes wanting in pistillate flowers. 

 Petals none. Stamens distinct, as many as the sepals and opposite them, or fewer ; 

 anthers 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary superior, 1-celled, 1-ovuled ; styles 



