BUCKWHEAT FAMILY 27 



16. Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt. Parsnip-flowered Eriogonum. Fig. 1364. 



Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 49. 1834. 

 Eriogonum heracleoides var. minus Benth. in DC. Prod. 14: 11. 1856. 

 Eriogonum angustifolium Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 164. 1847. 

 Eriogonum Johnstonii Stokes, Leaflets West. Bot. 1 : 35. 1933. 



Caudex loosely tufted. Leaves oblanceolate to linear, 2-5 cm. long, densely white-floccose 

 beneath, less so above, attenuate at base; petiole short; flowering stem 2-4 dm. high, floccose, 

 with a whorl of foliaceous bracts near the middle or in depauperate forms these sometimes reduced 

 to a single leaf or entirely absent ; umbel simple or compound, subtended by a whorl of foliaceous 

 bracts ; rays 2-5 cm. long ; involucre turbinate, the tube 3 mm. long ; calyx 5-6 mm. long, the stipe- 

 like tube often 2 mm. ; filaments conspicuously villous below ; achenes pubescent at apex. 



Rocky or gravelly slopes and ridges, Arid Transition and Canadian Zones; British Columbia southeast of 

 the Cascade Mountains through Washington and Oregon to Warner Mountains, California, east to Montana and 

 Utah. Type locality: "sources of the Missouri," collected by Wyeth. June-Aug. 



17. Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. Sulphur-flowered Eriogonum. Fig. 1365. 



Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2: 241. 1828. 

 Eriogonum modocense Greene, Pittonia 5 : 68. 1902. 



Caudex with a few short branches, leafy at the tips. Leaves obovate-spatulate, 10-25 mm. 

 long, tapering to a petiole of about equal length, white-tomentose beneath, green and glabrate 

 above. Flowering stem scapiform, rather stout, 10-30 cm. high, floccose; umbel simple subtended 

 by several oblanceolate foliaceous bracts ; rays usually 5-10, 2-5 cm. long, rarely longer, bractless ; 

 involucre turbinate, tomentose, the tube 3-4 mm. long, the lobes reflexed, oblong-linear, usually 

 20-30 flowered ; calyx glabrous, bright yellow, the lobes spatulate, obtuse at apex, the tube stipe- 

 like below ; achenes sharply 3-angled, sparsely hairy at the apex. 



Dry slopes and ridges, Arid Transition and Boreal Zones; Washington to northern California, Montana, 

 and Colorado. A variable species with many local variations, and many segregates have been proposed, type 

 locality: "Near the Rocky Mountains." Collected by James. June-Sept. 



Eriogonum umbellatum subsp. majus Benth. ex Piper, U.S. Nat. Herb. 11: 238. 1906. (E. umbellatum 

 subsp. subalpinum (Greene) Stokes.) Much like the typical species in habit but flowers cream-colored. Cascade 

 Mountains, Washington, to Montana and Colorado. 



Eriogonum umbellatum var. stellatum (Benth.) M. E. Jones, Contr. West. Bot. No. 11: 5. 1903. (22. 

 stellatum Benth. E. croceum Small.) Umbels compound and the primary rays bearing bracts at the base oi the 

 secondary rays. Basal leaves with elongated slender petioles, glabrate above. Blue Mountains, Oregon (type 

 locality), to southern Nevada and adjacent California. 



Eriogonum umbellatum var. bahiaeforme (S. Wats.) Jepson, Fl. Calif. 425. 1914. (E. stellatum var. 

 bahiae forme S. Wats. E. trichotomum Small.) Rays bearing bracts, and mostly compound. Leaves with petioles 

 scarcely as long as the blades and in the typical form tomentose on both surfaces. Coast Ranges and southern 

 Sierra Nevada foothills to San Bernardino Mountains, California. 



Eriogonum umbellatum subsp. polyanthum (Benth.) Stokes, Gen. Eriog. 108, 111. 1936. Caudex 

 usually much branched. Leaves mostly elliptic-ovate, rather abruptly narrowed at base and longer than the 

 petiole; umbel simple or rarely one or two rays forked; involucres often 10-50 -flowered; calyx bright yellow, 

 sometimes tinged with rose in age. The common representative of the species in the Pacific States especially in 

 southern Oregon and California. E. montanum Howell, E. ovatum Greene, E. Torreyanum A. Gray, E. rechnatum 

 Greene are all forms of this. 



Eriogonum umbellatum var. minus Johnston, Bull. S. Calif. Acad. 17: 64. 1918. (Eriogonum minus 

 Ewan, Bull. Torrey Club 64: 515. 1937.) Dwarf alpine perennial, the caudex much branched forming mats; 

 densely white-silky throughout. Leaves suborbicular, 5-10 mm. broad; petioles mostly shorter than the blades; 

 flowering scapes 3-6 cm. high; bracts broadly ovate- or obovate-orbicular; rays 1-2 cm. long; invo ucral tube 

 broadly turbinate, 2 mm. long, the lobes ovate-oblong, about as long as the tube; calyx wine red or yellow tinged 

 with red, 4-5 mm. long, glabrous, the lobes oblong-obovate, rather abruptly narrowed at base, the stipe : hke tube 

 1 mm. long, filaments hairy below; achene villous to near the base; styles villous, 4-5 mm. long. Granitic rocks 

 and gravel Boreal Zones; summits of the high peaks, San Gabriel to San Jacinto Mountains, southern Cali- 

 fornia. E. Covillei Small and E. polycladon Small are dwarf forms somewhat intermediate between this and the 

 subspecies polyanthum. 



18. Eriogonum compositum Doitgl. Composite Eriogonum. Fig. 1366. 



Eriogonum compositum Dougl. ex Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 410. 1837. 



Perennial with a deep woody root and short few-branched crown. Leaves all basal, the blades 

 ovate or long-ovate and cordate at base to oblong-lanceolate and acutish at base, 3-10 cm. long, 

 densely white-tomentose beneath, thinly tomentose or glabrate above, the petioles longer than 

 the blades ; flowering stem stout, 20-45 cm. high, scapiform, glabrous or nearly so ; bracts sub- 

 tending the umbel, foliaceous, linear to oblanceolate, 10-25 mm. long; umbels mostly compound, 

 15-30 mm. long, secondary and tertiarv umbels subtended by linear bracts; involucres glabrate 

 or pilose-tomentose, the lobes linear, at length reflexed ; calyx pale yellow, glabrous, with a stipe- 

 like base, 5-6 mm. long in age ; filaments glabrous, 3 mm. long ; achene pilose above, 6 mm. long ; 

 styles curled back in the achene, 2-3 mm. long. 



Dry hillsides and plains, Upper Sonoran and Transition Zones ; Washington (mainly eastern) to northern 

 California and Idaho. Type locality: Columbia River, Washington. May-July. Several varieties have been 

 proposed based upon leaf shape and pubescence. 



19. Eriogonum Lobbii Torr. & Gray. Lobb's Eriogonum. Fig. 1367. 



Eriogonum Lobbii Torr. & Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 162. 1870. 

 Eriogonum robustum Greene, Bot. Gaz. 1: 126. 1885. 



Caudex short, stout and simple or with a few stout branches, clothed with old leaf bases. 

 Leaves forming tufted rosettes at the ends of the caudex branches, the blades round-oval to ovate 

 or obovate, 2-4 cm. long, plane, rather abruptly narrowed to a petiole as long or longer ; peduncles 



