BUCKWHEAT FAMILY 49 



2-3 cm. long, revolute, densely white-tomentose beneath, glabrate above; flowers in a dense 

 compound leafy-bracted cyme, 5-15 cm. broad on stout peduncles; involucres turbinate, 3 mm. 

 long, tomentose; calyx 2 mm. long, rose or white tinged with rose, villous below. 



Canyon walls and sea bluffs, Upper Sonoran Zone; Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, and Anacapa Islands, southern 

 California. Type locality: Santa Cruz Island. June-Sept. 



79. Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. California Buckwheat Brush. Fig. 1427. 



Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 411. 1837. 

 Eriogonum fasciculatum var. maritimum Parish, Muhlenbergia 3: 59. 1907. 

 Eriogonum rosmarinifolium Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 164. 1848. 



Shrub with spreading branches, 6-12 dm. high, the branchlets leafy, rather thinly pubescent. 

 Leaves fascicled at the nodes, linear-oblanceolate, 6-15 mm. long, thick, strongly revolute, cori- 

 aceous, green and glabrate above, densely white-tomentose beneath; inflorescence cymose, ter- 

 minating a naked peduncle 5-20 cm. long ; bracts usually f oliaceous ; involucres prismatic, 3-4 

 mm. long, glabrate, acutely 5-toothed ; calyx white or rose-tinged, 3 mm. long, glabrous without, 

 outer lobes elliptic, the inner obovate. 



Dry hillsides and canyons near the coast, Santa Barbara, California, to northern Lower California. Type 

 locality: California (Douglas). May-Nov. 



Eriogonum fasciculatum subsp. foliolosum (Nutt.) Stokes, Gen. Eriog. 86. 1936. Similar to the typical 

 species but upper surface of leaves, twigs and outer surface of calyx pubescent. This subspecies is one of the 

 important bee plants of the foothills, mesas and lower altitudes of the mountains of cismontane California from 

 Monterey County to San Diego and adjacent Lower California. 



Eriogonum fasciculatum subsp. polifolium (Benth.) Stokes, Gen. Eriog. 86. 1936. Leaves densely 

 canescent or hoary above; involucres pubescent; calyx pubescent without; heads usually solitary, or cyme reduced 

 and subcapitate. This subspecies inhabits the desert slopes from southern California to Nevada and adjacent 

 Lower California. 



80. Eriogonum intrafractum Coville & Morton. Jointed Eriogonum. Fig. 1428. 



Eriogonum intrafractum Coville & Morton, Journ. Wash. Acad. 26: 305. 1936. 



Perennial with woody taproot. Leaves restricted to the root crown, the blades oblong-ovate, 

 rounded at apex, cuneate at base, 2.5-7 cm. long, densely pilose-tomentose on both surfaces, 

 petioles longer than the blades; flowering stems internally articulate into segments 3-15 mm. 

 long, usually solitary, rather stout, 8-12 dm. high, simple up to the inflorescence, glabrous; 

 inflorescence of usually 2 or 3 virgate branches ; involucres in whorls at the nodes, usually 1 in 

 the axil of each of the three bracts, 5-parted into narrow lobes, not angled ; flower-pedicel pilose ; 

 calyx yellow, tinged with rose in age, pubescent without, the lobes about equal ; achene flask- 

 shaped, triangular-beaked at apex, abruptly enlarged and prominently 3-lobed at base, strigose 

 above. 



Desert mountain slopes, Sonoran Zone; Grapevine Mountains, 2,000-5,000 feet altitude. Death Valley re- 

 gion, Inyo County, California. Type locality: Titus Canyon, Grapevine Mountains, Death Valley, at about 2,000 

 feet altitude. April-Oct. Napkin-ring Buckwheat. 



9. EMEX Neck. Elem. 2 : 214. 1790. 



Glabrous herbs with alternate petiolate leaves, and membranaceous or scarious sheath- 

 ing stipules. Flowers monoecious, in axillary fascicles or the upper leaves abortive and 

 the flowers appearing racemose, the pistillate articulate on filiform pedicels, the staminate 

 below and sessile. Calyx of the staminate flowers 5-6-parted, the segments narrow, equal ; 

 stamens 4-6. Pistillate calyx urceolate, the tube ovoid, the lobes 6 in 2 cycles. Ovary 

 3-angled ; styles 3, short. Fruiting calyx indurate, 3- or 6-angled, forming a bur-like 

 fruit; 3 outer lobes spine-tipped. Nut enclosed in the calyx, acutely 3-angled. [Name 

 Latin, ex, out of, and Rumex, the original species having been formerly referred to the 

 genus Rumex.'] 



A genus of 2 species native of the Mediterranean region, south Africa and Australia. Type species, Rumex 

 spinosus L. 



1. Emex spinosa (L.) Campd. Spiny Emex. Fig. 1429. 



Rumex spinosus L. Sp. PI. 337. 1753. 



Emex spinosa Campd. Mon. Rum. 58. pi. 1. f. 1. 1819. 



Glabrous monoecious annual herb. Leaves alternate, petioled, the blades 5-12 cm. long, 

 oblong-ovate to nearly deltoid, mostly truncate or subcordate at base ; calyx persistent, indurate, 

 forming a bur-like fruit ; 3 outer lobes tipped with stout divergent spines, the 3 inner ones much 

 shorter, erect, linear-lanceolate. 



Locally adventive in Ventura, Orange, and San Diego Counties, California. Native of the Mediterranean 

 region. July-Nov. 



Emex australis Steinh. Ann. Sc. Nat. II. 9: 195. 1838. Similar to E. spinosa. Leaves mostly cuneate 

 at base; inner calyx-lobes broadly triangular-ovate, mucronate. Adventive in San Francisco and Vallejo, Cali- 

 fornia. Native of south Africa and Australia. 



10. RUMEX L. Sp. PI. 333. 1753. 



Perennial or annual herbs with simple or branched grooved stems. Leaves entire or 

 undulate, flat or crisped. Stipules scarious united into a sheathing, obliquely truncate 

 cylindric sheath. Flowers green, perfect or sometimes unisexual, in simple or compound 



