1 52 CARYOPH YLLACEAE 



glandular above. Leaves mostly basal on short sterile branches, filiform-subulate, 15-30 cm. long, 

 pungent, glabrous ; flowers mostly subsessile, in small glomerules at the ends of the branches ; 

 sepals ovate, acute or acuminate, 4 mm. long, broadly scarious-margined ; petals about 5 mm. 

 long ; capsule 5-6 mm. long. 



On dry rocky ridges, mainly Arid Transition Zone; British Columbia south (east of the Cascade Mountains) 

 to Washington, Oregon, and Nevada, east to Colorado. Type locality: not definitely stated. July-Aug. 



20. Arenaria congesta Nutt. Capitate Sandwort. Fig. 1700. 



Arenaria congesta Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1 : 178. 1838. 

 Arenaria cephaloidcs Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 39: 316. 1912. 



Perennial with a short, much branched woody caudex, the flowering stems simple, bearing 

 2-3 pairs of leaves, 1-3 dm. high, glabrous. Basal leaves filiform-subulate, 1-5 cm. long, ascend- 

 ing glabrous, pungent; flowers congested into a terminal many-flowered head, sometimes with 

 1 or 2 smaller heads terminating short erect lateral branches ; bracts scarious ; sepals ovate, 4 mm. 

 long, midvein evident, the rest unusually scarious ; petals exserted ; stamens well exserted. 



Drv rocky and grassy slopes, mainly Arid Transition Zone; eastern Washington south to central California 

 and east to Montana and Colorado. Type locality: "Shady hills in the Rocky Mountain range, about Bear River 

 of the Lake of Timpanagos." June-Aug. 



Arenaria congesta var. suffrutescens (A. Gray) Robinson, Syn. Fl N. Amer. 1: 241. 1897 (Brewerina 

 suffrutescens A Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 620. 1873. Arenaria suffrutescens Heller, Muhlenbergia 6: 96. 

 1910 ) Inflorescence umbel-like, glabrous, the pedicels 5-15 mm. long, arising from among the congested scarious 

 bracts; sepals mainly stramineous, thin, ovate-lanceolate, acute 

 oblanceolate, exceeding the sepals; stamens equaling or exceedin 

 Transition Zones; Siskiyou Mountains to the southern Sierra Nej 

 above Cisco and between Donner Lake and Truckee, California." 



6. MOEHRINGIA L. Sp. PI. 359. 1753. 



Low perennial or annual herbs, with glabrous or pubescent herbage. Leaves ovate to 

 linear, soft, sessile or short-petioled. Flowers small, white, solitary on axillary pedicels or 

 in terminal cymes. Sepals and petals 4 or 5. Stamens twice as many as the parts of the 

 perianth. Styles commonly 3. Capsule ovoid or oblong, 3-valved, the valves at length 

 2-cleft. Seeds appendaged at the hilum by a broad membranous strophiole. [Name in 

 honor of P. H. G. Moehring of Danzig.] 



A genus of about 20 species, natives of the northern hemisphere. Only the following species are known to 

 occur in North America. Type species, Moehringia muscosa L. 



Leaves oblong or oval; sepals obtuse or acutish. L M. lateriflora. 



Leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate; sepals acuminate. 2. M. macrophylla. 



1. Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenzl. Blunt-leaved Moehringia or Sandwort. 



Fig. 1701. 



Arenaria lateriflora L. Sp. PI. 423. 1753. 

 Moehringia lateriflora Fenzl, Verbr. Alsin. 18. 1833. 



Perennial, finely pubescent throughout, the stems erect or ascending, simple or sparingly 

 branched, 8-25 cm. high. Leaves oval or oblong, obtuse, 10-25 mm. long, thin, the margins and 

 veins ciliate ; cymes terminal or axillary, few-flowered or the flowers sometimes solitary ; sepals 

 oblong, obtuse or acute, 2-3 mm. long; petals about twice the length of the sepals, nearly entire; 

 flowers dimorphic, one form with stamens well exceeding the sepals, the other with filaments 

 shorter and anthers mostly imperfect ; ovary 3-celled below ; capsule ovoid, about twice the length 

 of the sepals, dehiscent by 3 2-cleft valves. 



Moist shady places, Transition and Boreal Zones; Alaska to western and northeastern Oregon east to 

 Newfoundland, New Mexico, Missouri, and New Jersey; also in Eurasia. Type locality: Siberia. May-Aug. 



2. Moehringia macrophylla Hook. Large-leaved Moehringia or Sandwort. 



Fig. 1702. 



Arenaria macrophylla Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 102. pi. 37. 1830. 

 Moehringia macrophylla Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exp. 246. 1874. 



Perennial, the stems usually branched, decumbent, 10-30 cm. long, puberulent. Leaves lanceo- 

 late, acute or acuminate, narrowed at base, 2-8 cm. long ; cymes terminal or in the upper axils, 

 few-flowered or flowers solitary; sepals 3-4 mm. long, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate; 

 flowers dimorphic, the staminate with the petals and stamens well exceeding the sepals, the pis- 

 tillate with them shorter ; capsule ovoid, shorter than the sepals, dehiscent by 3 2-cleft valves. 



Moist shaded places, Transition and Boreal Zones; British Columbia to southern California, east to 

 Labrador, Vermont, and New Mexico. Type locality: "North-West America in shady woods. Collected by 

 Douglas. April-July. 



7. HONKENYA Ehrh. Beitr. 2: 180. 1788. 



[ Ammodenia J. G. Gmelin, Fl. Sib. 4 : 160, hyponym. 1769.] 



Fleshy perennial maritime herbs, with thick, clasping, ovate to lanceolate leaves. 

 Flowers small, solitary in the axils and in the forks of the branches. Sepals and petals 5, 

 rarely 4, the latter entire. Disk prominent, 8-10-lobed, glandular. Stamens twice as many 



