176 RANUNCULACEAE 



3. Caltha leptosepala DC. Slender-sepaled Marsh-marigold. Fig. 1764. 



Caltha leptosepala DC. Syst. 1: 310. 1818. 



Glabrous succulent perennial, the stems scapose and 1-flowered or bearing a solitary leaf or 

 bract at the node and usually 2-flowered. Leaves cordate, varying from oblong-ovate to ovate- 

 orbicular, longer than broad, the sinus usually open, and shallower than in the preceding species, 

 repand-dentate to coarsely crenate ; sepals 6-12, varying from oblong-obovate to oblong-linear, 

 white; follicles somewhat diverging when ripe, 12—13 mm. long, short-stipitate. 



Mountain bogs, Boreal Zones; Alaska south in the Cascade Mountains to Mount Hood, Oregon, eastward 

 to Alberta, Montana, and New Mexico. Type locality: Prince William Sound, Alaska. June-July. 



Caltha leptosepala var. rotundifolia Huth, Helios 9: 68. 1891. This is a large orbicular-leaved form 

 occurring in the Rocky Mountains and Great Basin region and extending westward to the Blue Mountains, 

 Oregon. 



3. TROLLIUS L. Sp. PI. 556. 1753. 



Perennial herbs with thickened fibrous roots, glabrous herbage, erect or ascending 

 stems. Leaves palmately divided or lobed. Flowers usually solitary, showy, yellow, purple 

 or white. Sepals 5-15, petaloid, deciduous. Petals five to many, small, with a nectariferous 

 gland at the base of the narrow blade. Stamens many. Carpels five to many ; ovules many. 

 Fruit a head of many-seeded follicles. [Name the latinization of the German Troll and 

 TrollblumeJ] 



A genus of about 15 species, natives of the north temperate zone. Type species, Trollius europaeus L. 



1. Trollius laxus Salisb. American Globeflower. Fig. 1765. 



Trollius laxus Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. 8: 303. 1803. 



Trollius laxus var. albiflorus A. Gray, Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 33: 241. 1862. 



Trollius albiflorus Rydb. Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 152. 1900. 



Stems rather slender and weak, 2-5 dm. high, bearing 1 or 2 short-petioled leaves toward 

 the summit. Basal leaves long-obovate, lobed and toothed ; sepals ovate or obovate, greenish, 

 yellow or nearly white, 15-20 mm. long; follicles 8-10 mm. long. 



Swamps, Hudsonian Zone; British Columbia to New Hampshire, Washington (Olympic Mountains, north- 

 ern Cascades and Wenatchee Mountains), Utah, and Delaware. Type locality: near Lancaster, Pennsylvania. 

 June— Aug. The Western plants are usually white-flowered and have been considered as distinct by some 

 botanists. 



Nigella damascena L. Sp. PI. 584. 1753. Love in the Mist. Glabrous annual with erect stems, 4-6 dm. 

 high. Leaves pinnately and bipinnately divided into narrow subulate segments. Flowers terminal, showy, 

 white or blue, subtended by conspicuous dissected bracts; sepals abruptly acuminate, clawed; styles elongated; 

 mature follicles 15 mm. long and about half as broad, erect. Escaped from gardens and sparingly naturalized 

 in Portland, Oregon. 



4. ISOPYRUM L. Sp. PI. 557. 1753. 



Slender glabrous perennial herbs, with fleshy-fibrous roots and ternately decompound 

 leaves. Flowers solitary, panicled or cymose, usually white. Sepals 5 or 6, petaloid, 

 deciduous. Petals 5 or in our species none. Stamens many ; filaments clavellate. Carpels 

 2-20, sessile or stipitate, several-ovuled. Fruit a head of follicles; seeds smooth with a 

 prominent raphe. [Ancient Greek name for some Fumaria.'] 



About 25 species, natives of the north temperate zone; besides the following I. biternatum (Raf.) Torr. & 

 Gray occurs in eastern North America. Type species, Isopyrum thalictroides L. 



Flowers solitary, terminal or opposite the leaves. 



Follicles sessile; sepals 7-9 mm. long. 1. /. occidentale. 



Follicles stipitate; sepals 4—5 mm. long. 2. I. stipitatum. 



Flowers cymose-umbellate. 3. /. Hallii. 



1. Isopyrum occidentale Hook. & Arn. Western Rue- Anemone. Fig. 1766. 



Isopyrum occidentale Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey 316. 1840. 

 Isopyrum occidentale var. coloratum Greene, Erythea 1: 125. 1893. 

 Enemion occidentale Drum. & Hutch. Kew Bull. 1920: 160. 1920. 



Stem usually solitary, arising from fusiform or slightly thickened fasciculate roots, 10-25 

 cm. high. Basal leaf long-petioled ; leaflets 1-2 cm. long, cuneate, 2-3-lobed ; flowers scattered ; 

 peduncles surpassing the leaves; sepals white or pink, obovate; petals none; follicles 8-10 mm. 

 long, compressed, 5-6-seeded. 



On shady banks, usually under shrubs, Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition Zones; Sierra Nevada foot- 

 hills from Butte County to Kern County, and in the Inner Coast Ranges from Santa Clara County to San Luis 

 Obispo County, California. Type locality: California, collected by Douglas. March-May. 



2. Isopyrum stipitatum A. Gray. Siskiyou Rue-Anemone. Fig. 1767. 



Isopyrum stipitatum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 54. 1876. 

 Isopyrum Clarkei Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 7: 131. 1877. 

 Enemion stipitatum Drum. & Hutch. Kew Bull. 1920: 160. 1920. 



Stem arising from a fascicle of fusiform roots, 5-15 cm. high, often simple. Basal leaves 



