216 BERBERIDACEAE 



the upper subsessile; leaflets 1-2 cm. long, cordate at base, usually 3-cleft and the divisions 3- 

 lobed, glandular beneath with sessile glands, heavy-scented ; flowers perfect ; filaments spatulate ; 

 achenes half obovoid with a straight back, 5-6 mm. long, distinctly stipitate, rather faintly 3-4- 

 nerved on each side, glandular. 



Moist mountain meadows, Boreal Zones; arctic North America from Alaska to Hudson Bay, south to the 

 high mountains of southern California, Idaho, Utah, and Colorado; also in Asia. In the Pacific States this 

 species is frequent in the central and southern Sierra Nevada and San Bernardino Mountains, California, and 

 the Gearhart Mountains, Oregon, but it has not been found in the Cascades nor in Washington. Type locality: 

 Asia. June- July. 



3. Thalictrum occidentale A. Gray. Western Meadow-Rue. Fig. 1863. 



Thalictrum occidentale A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 372. 1872. 

 Thalictrum dioicum var. oxycarpum Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exp. 212. 1874. 



Stems simple or branching above, 3-10 dm. high, glabrous. Leaves 3-4-ternate; leaflets 

 very thin, obovate-cuneate to orbicular, 1-3 cm. long, 3-lobed, the lobes coarsely crenate ; fila- 

 ments filiform ; achenes narrowly spindle-form, tapering at both ends, not compressed, 6-8 mm. 

 long, prominently 8-12-ribbed, the intervals shallow and without reticulations. 



Moist thickets, Boreal Zones; British Columbia south through Washington and Oregon to northern Cali- 

 fornia and east to Alberta, Montana, and Utah. Type locality: Vancouver Island. May-July. 



4. Thalictrum venulosum Trelease. Veiny-leaved Meadow-Rue. Fig. 1864. 



Thalictrum venulosum Trelease, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 23: 302. 1886. 

 Thalictrum columbianum Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 320. 1912. 



Stems 3-5 dm. high, mostly simple. Leaves 2-4-ternate, glabrous, leaflets cuneate to orbicu- 

 lar, 1-2 cm. long, thick and veiny, 3-lobed and deeply toothed ; panicle rather narrow ; achene 

 narrowly ovoid, scarcely compressed, 4-5 mm. long, prominently ribbed with shallow or deeply 

 grooved intervals. 



Shady banks and in thickets bordering meadows, Arid Transition Zone; British Columbia, south through 

 eastern Washington to northeastern Oregon, and east to South Dakota and Colorado. Type locality: only gen- 

 eral range given. May-June. 



5. Thalictrum Fendleri Engelm. Fendler's Meadow-Rue. Fig. 1865. 



Thalictrum Fendleri Engelm. in A. Gray, PI. Fendl. 5. 1849. 

 Thalictrum fissum Greene, Pittonia 4: 233. 1901. 



Stem 3-8 dm. high. Leaves 3-4-ternate, the upper short-petioled or sessile ; leaflets 1-2 cm. 

 long, obliquely orbicular or subcordate, 3-lobed, the lobes crenate, puberulent and glandular 

 beneath; inflorescence an open leafy panicle; filaments filiform; achenes obliquely obovate and 

 more or less compressed, 3-nerved on each side, 4-5 mm. long, slightly puberulent and glandular. 



Moist places usually near thickets, Boreal Zones; southeastern Oregon, western Nevada, and adjacent 

 eastern California, to Wyoming, New Mexico, and Arizona. _ Type locality: mountains near Santa Fe, New 

 Mexico. June-July. The plants from southeastern Oregon with scarcely compressed and less oblique achenes, 

 which were described by Greene as T. fissum, suggest a transition between this species and T. venulosum 

 Trelease. 



Thalictrum Fendleri var. platycarpum Trelease, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 23: 304. 1886. (T. hes- 

 perium Greene, Pittonia 2: 24. 1889.) Achenes larger, often 6 mm. long and 4 mm. broad, strongly oblique 

 and flattened. Moist shaded slopes, Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition Zones; Sierra Nevada and South 

 Coast Ranges, California, to northern Lower California. 



6. Thalictrum polycarpum (Torr.) S. Wats. Many-fruited 

 Meadow-Rue. Fig. 1866. 



Thalictrum Fendleri var. polycarpum Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 61. 1857. 

 Thalictrum polycarpum S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 282. 1879. 

 Thalictrum caesium Greene, Fl. Fran. 309. 1892. 

 Thalictrum ametrum Greene, Muhlenbergia 5: 129. 1909. 



Plants usually robust, 6-12 dm. high, glabrous throughout. Leaves 3-4-ternatej the cauline 



short-petioled; leaflets mostly rounded or subcordate, 15-25 mm. long, thin, 3-lobed, the lobes 



toothed with rounded or acutish teeth ; inflorescence usually ample, somewhat leafy below or 



often naked throughout ; stamens filiform ; achenes usually numerous forming a globular head, 



5-6 mm. long, obovoid or nearly orbicular, vesicular at least when fresh, the seed not filling the 



cavity, the sides faintly reticulate, only the midrib forming a longitudinal rib. 



Canyons and shaded slopes, Upper Sonoran and Transition Zones; Willamette Valley, Oregon, to northern 

 Lower California. Type locality: Napa Valley, California, as designated by L. C. Wheeler, Rhodora 40: 319. 

 1938. April-June. Greene has proposed a number of segregates of this species, based chiefly on slight differ- 

 ences in foliage characters, but all exhibiting essentially the same distinctive fruit. 



Family 47. BERBERIDACEAE. 

 Barberry Family. 



Shrubs or herbs with alternate or basal, simple or compound, usually exstipulate 

 leaves. Flowers perfect, solitary or racemose, usually terminal. Sepals and petals 

 hypogynous, imbricated in several series, often in threes. Stamens hypogynous, as 



