218 BERBERIDACEAE 



3. Mahonia Aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. Holly-leaved Mahonia. Fig. 1869. 



Berberis Aquifolium Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 219. 1814. 

 Mahonia Aquifolium Nutt. Gen. 1: 212. 1818. 

 Odostemon Aquifolium Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 141. 1906. 

 Odostemon nutkanus Rydb. loc. cit. 



Stems erect, 8-20 dm. high, or sometimes dwarfed. Leaflets 5-9, the lower pair distant from 

 the base of the rachis, ovate-lanceolate, 3-7.5 cm. long, with usually 10 or more small spinulose 

 teeth on each margin, bright glossy green above, light green beneath; racemes fascicled, 4-8 

 cm. long; berries blue and glaucous, on pedicels 10—15 mm. long. 



Coniferous woods, Humid Transition Zone; southwestern British Columbia to the Calipooia Mountains, Ore- 

 gon, also in northwestern Idaho. Type locality: the Cascades of the Columbia River. March-May. 



4. Mahonia Piperiana Abrams. Piper's Mahonia. Fig. 1870. 



Mahonia Piperiana Abrams, Phytologia 1: 91. 1933. 



Stems erect, 2-5 dm. high. Leaflets 5-9, commonly 7, the lower pair usually distant from 

 the base of the rachis, ovate, 2.5-5 cm. long, spinose-dentate, with 7-9 teeth on each margin; 

 upper surface glossy green and rather finely reticulate, the lower surface gray-green and 

 papillate; racemes 3-7 cm. long, densely or rather loosely fascicled; berry blue-black, ellipsoid- 

 ovoid. 



Usually on thinly wooded slopes, Arid Transition Zone; Jackson and Josephine Counties, Oregon, to Mendo- 

 cino and northern Lake Counties, California. Type locality: along the Pacific Highway, near the Siskiyou sum- 

 mit, Jackson County, Oregon. March-May. 



5. Mahonia Sonnei Abrams. Sonne's Mahonia. Fig. 1871. 



Mahonia Sonnei Abrams, Phytologia 1 : 92. 1933. 



Low shrub, 2-5 dm. high. Leaflets 5, ovate-lanceolate, 4-8 cm. long, glossy green above, pale 

 beneath but not grayish or very obscurely so, the papillae being rather thinly scattered ; racemes 

 densely flowered, 4-7 cm. long; berries blue-black, about 6 mm. long. 



Rocky slopes, Arid Transition Zone; eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada, central California. Type locality: 

 Truckee River, Nevada County, California. March-May. 



6. Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don. Creeping Mahonia. Fig. 1872. 



Berberis repens Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pi. 1176. 1828. 



Mahonia repens G. Don, Gen. Hist. PI. 1: 118. 1831. 



Odostemon repens Cockerell in Daniels, Fl. Boulder, Colo. 125. 1911. 



Stems creeping and stoloniferous, 1-2 dm. high. Leaflets 3-7, oval or rarely ovate, 3-9 cm. 

 long, plane or nearly so, dull green above, grayish green beneath and papillate with minute 

 microscopic protuberances; teeth usually 12 or more on a side, small and merely bristle-tipped; 

 racemes densely many-flowered ; berry ellipsoid-globose, 7-8 mm. long. 



Open pine forests, Arid Transition Zone; eastern British Columbia south along the eastern slopes of the 

 Cascade Mountains to northeastern California, and east to Alberta, Nebraska, and New Mexico. Type locality: 

 probably Montana. April-May. 



7. Mahonia pumila (Greene) Fedde. Dwarf Mahonia. Fig. 1873. 



Berberis pumila Greene, Pittonia 2: 161. 1891. 

 Mahonia pumila Fedde, Bot. Jahrb. 31: 82. 1901. 

 Odostemon pumilus Heller, Muhlenbergia 7: 139. 1912. 



Stem erect, 2-4 dm. high, rarely higher, simple or branched; leaflets 5-9, broadly oblong- 

 ovate, blunt at the apex, dull green and strongly reticulate-veined above, glaucous beneath, 

 undulate and strongly spinose-dentate, the teeth 5-9 on each margin; racemes fascicled, many- 

 flowered ; berries blue-black with a bloom, oblong-ovoid, about 6 mm. long. 



Wooded slopes, Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition Zones; Rogue River, southern Oregon, south in the 

 North Coast Ranges and the Sierra Nevada, California. Type locality: near Waldo, Oregon. March-May. 



Mahonia amplectens Eastw. Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 20: 145. 1931. (.Berberis amplectens L. C. Wheeler, 

 Rhodora 39: 376. 1937.) Erect shrub, 3-6 dm. high. Leaflets 5-7, broadly oval to suborbicular, 3-5 cm. wide, 

 dull grayish green above and prominently reticulate-veined, the margin more or less undulate and prominently 

 spinose-dentate, the teeth 5-7 on a side; racemes fascicled, their main axis 12-25 mm. long; berries blue-black 

 with a bloom, oblong-ovoid. Santa Rosa, Palomar, and Cuyamaca Mountains, southern California. An imper- 

 fectly known species closely related to M. pumila. 



8. Mahonia dictyota (Jepson) Fedde. Jepson's Mahonia. Fig. 1874. 



Berberis dictyota Jepson, Bull. Torrey Club 18: 319. 1891. 



Mahonia dictyota Fedde, Bot. Jahrb. 31: 89. 1901. 



Odostemon dictyota Cockerell, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 24: 91. 1908. 



Berberis calif ornica Jepson, Fl. Calif. 549. 1922. 



Erect shrub, 5-20 dm. high, rather sparsely leafy. Leaflets 5-7, broadly oblong to suborbicular 

 in outline, strongly undulate and prominently spinose-toothed with 3-5 teeth on each margin, 

 thick-coriaceous and prominently net-veined on both surfaces, pale green above and glaucous 

 beneath ; racemes fasciculate ; berries very glaucous, about 5 mm. long. 



Dry chaparral ridges, Upper Sonoran Zone; California, from the dry interior foothills of the upper Sacra- 

 mento Valley to San Diego County. Type locality: Marysville Buttes, California. March-April. 



