274 BRASSICACEAE 



leaves usually lyrate-pinnatifid, with a rounded toothed terminal lobe, usually hispid on the 

 veins beneath; upper leaves oblong to lanceolate, merely toothed; petals yellow 8 mm. long; 

 pedicels ascending, about 5 mm. long ; pods ascending, 3-4 cm. long ; beak about 5 mm. long. 



Fields and waste places, naturalized from Europe, and widespread in the Pacific States and the eastern 

 United States. March-Oct. 



3. Sinapis incana L. Mediterranean Mustard. Fig. 2013. 



Sinapis incana L. Cent. PI. 1: 19. 1755. 



Hirschfeldia adpressa Moench, Meth. 264. 1794. 



Sinapis geniculata Desf. Fl. Atlantica 2: 98. 1798. 



Brassica adpressa Boiss. Voy. Espag. 2: 38. 1839. 



Brassica incana Meigen, Deutsch. Fl. 3: 270. 1842. Not Tenore 1811-15. 



Stems much branched from near the base, 4-6 dm. high. Leaves canescent with a dense 

 hirsute pubescence, the basal lyrate-pinnatifid, 6-8 cm. long, those of the stems becoming much 

 reduced and simple ; racemes numerous, terminating the widely spreading branches ; petals 5-0 

 mm. long; pods upwardly appressed, 8-12 mm. long, the beak usually much shorter than the 

 body, flattened and usually containing a seed. 



In dry fields and waste places; introduced into central and southern California, and becoming a common 

 late spring and summer weed. Native of the Mediterranean region. May-Aug. 



22. BRASSICA [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 666. 1753. 



Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, with erect branching stems and alternate leaves, 

 the basal pinnatifid, those of the stem toothed or entire. Flowers showy, yellow, in elon- 

 gated racemes. Siliques elongated, terete or 4-sided, sessile, tipped with a conical beak ; 

 valves 1-3-nerved ; stigma truncate or 2-lobed. Seeds in one row in each cell, subglobose, 

 marginless ; cotyledons conduplicate. [Latin name of the cabbage.] 



A genus of about 80 species. Natives of Europe, Asia, and northern Africa. Type species, Brassica 

 oleracea L. 



Upper leaves not clasping, short-petioled. 



Pods slender 10-20 mm. long, appressed; pedicels 2 mm. long; lower leaves often hispid, their segments 



serrate. L B - mgra ' 



Pods 25-50 mm. long, erect but not appressed; pedicels 3-5 mm. long; plant glabrous and glaucous through- 

 out; segments of lower leaves crenate. 2 - B. juncea. 

 Upper leaves clasping by an auricled base. 3. B. campestris. 



1. Brassica nigra (L.) Koch. Black Mustard. Fig. 2014. 



Sinapis nigra L. Sp. PI. 668. 1753. 



Brassica nigra Koch in Roehl, Deutsch. Fl. ed. 3. 4: 713. 1833. 



Annual with erect freely branching stems, 6-25 dm. high, sparsely pubescent or glabrate. 

 Lower leaves pinnatifid, with 1 terminal large lobe and 2-4 smaller lateral ones, dentate all 

 around; upper leaves short-petioled or sessile, pinnatifid or dentate, the uppermost reduced, 

 lanceolate and entire; petals bright yellow, spatulate, 7-8 mm. long; pod 15-20 mm. long, about 

 1 mm. thick, 4-sided, appressed against the stem ; beak slender, 2-4 mm. long ; seeds dark brown. 



In fields and waste places, naturalized from Europe; common in the Pacific States, and widely spread 

 throughout North America except in the extreme north. April-Sept. 



2. Brassica juncea (L.) Cosson. Chinese or Indian Mustard. Fig. 2015. 



Sinapis juncea L. Sp. PI. 668. 1753. 



Brassica juncea Cosson, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 6: 609. 1859. 



Annual with erect stout pale somewhat glaucous, glabrous or slightly pubescent stems, 3-12 

 dm. high. Lower leaves lyrate-pinnatifid and crenate, long-tpetioled, the uppermost reduced, 

 sessile or nearly so, lanceolate or linear, mostly entire; petals yellow, 8-10 mm. long; pod 3-5 

 cm. long, 2-3 mm. thick, ascending, not apppressed to the stem ; beak 5-8 mm. long. 



In fields and waste places; naturalized in the Pacific States from Washington and Oregon to southern 

 California, but less common than B. nigra; also eastward to the Atlantic States. Native of Asia. June-bept. 



3. Brassica campestris L. Common Mustard. Fig. 2016. 



Brassica campestris L. Sp. PI. 666. 1753. 



Biennial with a large fleshy taproot ; stem 3-10 dm. high, branching, glabrous and glaucous, 

 or slightly pubescent below. Basal leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, sparsely pubescent; upper leaves 

 oblong to lanceolate, clasping the stem by an auriculate base, entire or dentate, glabrous ; petals 

 yellow, spatulate, 6-7 mm. long; pedicels spreading, 15-25 mm. long; pod 5-7 cm. long, about 

 3 mm. thick ; beak about 1 cm. long. 



In fields and waste places, naturalized from Europe; a common weed in the Pacific States. Jan.-June, or 

 throughout the year in California. 



Brassica Napus L. Sp. PI. 666. 1753. Rape. Sometimes growing spontaneously in central and south- 

 ern California. Resembles B. campestris L. but flowers paler and plant including the early leaves glabrous. 

 Brassica Rapa L., the turnip, and Brassica oleracea L., the cabbage, also sometimes growing spontaneously in 

 neglected fields. 



Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl. 119: 56. 1916. Branching annual 

 with pinnatifid leaves, the lower flowers of the raceme in the axils of foliaceous bracts, in that respect as well 

 as in the pinnatifid leaves suggesting Tropidocarpum. Pods linear, 2-3 cm. long, distinctly beaked. Locally 

 introduced in Santa Clara County, California. Native of Europe. 



