MUSTARD FAMILY 275 



23. DIPLOTAXIS DC. Syst. 2. 628. 1821. 



Annual, biennial or perennial herbs with the general habit of the mustards. Leaves 

 basal and cauline, alternate, pinnatifid or lobed. Flowers yellow, rather showy, in elon- 

 gated terminal racemes. Pods elongated, linear, more or less flattened parallel with the 

 partition, short -beaked or beakless; valves mostly 1-nerved, dehiscent. Seeds in two rows 

 in each cell, marginless ; cotyledons conduplicate. [Greek, referring to the double row of 

 seeds.] 



A genus of about 20 species, natives of the Mediterranean region and central Europe. Type species, 

 Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. 



Perennial; stem leafy nearly to the inflorescence. 1. D. tenuifolia. 



Annual; leaves mostly basal. 2. D. muralis. 



1. Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. Wall Rocket. Fig. 2017. 



Sisymbrium tenuifolium L. Cent. PI. 1: 18. 1755. 

 Diplotaxis tenuifolia DC. Syst. 2: 632. 1821. 



Perennial, glabrous or sparingly hispid, somewhat glaucous ; stems branched from the base, 



leafy, 3-12 dm. high. Leaves pinnatifid, thin, the lower 7-15 cm. long, the lobes mostly narrow; 



racemes loose and elongated in fruit; pedicels slender, 2-4 cm. long in fruit; petals 8-10 mm. 



long ; pods nearly erect, 25-30 mm. long, 2 mm. wide. 



Locally adventive in Oregon (Portland, Salem) and in the Sacramento Valley and southern California. 

 March-June. 



2. Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC. Sand Rocket. Fig. 2018. 



Sisymbrium murale L. Sp. PI. 658. 1753. 

 Diplotaxis muralis DC. Syst. 2: 634. 1821. 



Annual, branched from the base, sparingly hispid or glabrous, the stems leafy only below, 

 3-6 dm. high. Leaves oblanceolate in outline, pinnately lobed or pinnatifid, 5-10 cm. long, mostly 

 slender-petioled ; racemes elongated and loose in fruit; petals about 1 cm. long; pod erect, flat- 

 tish, 2-7y cm. long, about 2 mm. wide; fruiting pedicels 8-15 mm. long. 



An occasional adventive, especially in southern California; native of Europe. March-May. 



24. RAPHANUS [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 669. 1753. 



Erect or widely branching from the base, annual or biennial herbs, with lyrate leaves 

 and showy flowers. Pods elongated, linear, fleshy or corky, constricted or continuous and 

 spongy between the seeds, indehiscent, tapering above into the persistent slender style. 

 Seeds globose; cotyledons conduplicate. [Name Greek, meaning quick-appearing, from 

 its rapid germination.] 



A genus of about 4 species, natives of Europe and temperate Asia. Type species, Raphanus sativus L. 



Pods not longitudinally grooved; only slightly constricted between the 2 to several seeds; petals variable in 

 color, but usually purple-veined. 1. R. sativus. 



Pods longitudinally grooved, strongly constricted between the 4-10 seeds when dry; petals yellow. 



2. R. Raphanistrum. 



1. Raphanus sativus L. Wild Radish. Fig. 2019. 



Raphanus sativus L. Sp. PI. 669. 1753. 



Biennial or annual, from a more or less elongated fleshy root; stems erect and freely branch- 

 ing, 3-5 dm. high, sparsely pubescent with stiff hairs or nearly glabrous above. Lower leaves 

 deeply lyrate-pinnatifid, the lobes crenate or dentate; petals 15-20 mm. long, the narrow claw 

 about equaling the blade, variable in color, white, yellowish, or purplish, but usually purple- 

 veined; pods fleshy, 2 to several-seeded, not longitudinally grooved, often equaled or exceeded 

 by the long conical beak. 



A very common weed in the Pacific States, especially California. Native of Europe. A cultivated form is 

 the garden radish. March-July. 



2. Raphanus Raphanistrum L. Jointed Charlock. Fig. 2020. 



Raphanus Raphanistrum L. Sp. PI. 669. 1753. 



Biennial or annual, from a slender root; stem freely branching, 3-7 dm. high, sparsely 

 pubescent at least below with stiff hairs. Lower leaves deeply lyrate-pinnatifid; petals usually 

 yellow, rarely purplish, fading to white, 15-20 mm. long; pod usually 6-10-seeded, nearly cylin- 

 dric when green, constricted between the seeds and moniliform when dry, longitudinally grooved ; 

 beak conical, 1-2 cm. long. 



Occasionally adventive in the Pacific States. Native of Europe and northern Asia. April-June. 



25. B ARBAREA R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 4 : 109. 1812. 



Erect glabrous biennial or perennial herbs, with angled stems, pinnatifid leaves and 

 racemose yellow flowers. Pod elongated, linear, 4-angled; valves keeled or ribbed; style 



